28 
The capsule has a persistent axis which varies in length and shape. It is 
sometimes quite a column, at other times quite small. It is called a Columetta* 
Mueller calls it " placental column " and in bis Eucalyptographia, under E. Preissiana, 
figures a good many of them, showing how variable the columella is. 
Sometimes the calyx-tube has blunt teeth, but that is quite rare. 
In Pyxis or Pyxidium we have a capsule in which the dehiscence is transverse 
or circumscissile (in contradistinction to longitudinal). The upper part of the carpels 
falls of! in the form of a cap or lid. e.g., Pimpernel (Anagallis) ; Plantago ; Red Clover. 
iv. SUCCULENT OR FLESHY FRUITS. 
Drupe. 
Berry. 
Pome. 
Etserio (see Aggregate Fruits). 
Drupe. The pericarp is divisible into the outer layer, which forms a thin skin 
(epicarp) ; the middle layer is succulent or fleshy (mesocarp) ; the inner layer (endocarp) 
forms a stone or " pyrene," e.g., Cherry. Plum, Peach. 
In the Almond the fleshy layer is reduced to a minimum. 
In Blue-berry Ash (Elceocarpus) the pericarp is of a Prussian blue colour. 
In the Coco-nut the drupe is large, ovoid, or oblong, with a thick, fleshy and 
fibrous exocarp; endocarp bony, marked at the base with three pits. 
In Fusanus acuminatus, the Quandong, see Plate 16, Part IV, the bony endocarp 
is wrinkled and grooved, and is hence sought after for making beads. The same 
remarks apply to Ekeocarpus. 
A Berry has the pericarp fleshy, with the exception of the outer skin (epicarp) ; 
it usually has seeds embedded in the pulp. 
Examples. Grape, Gooseberry, Currant, and Prickly Pear (Opuntia.) 
A " Date " is a berry, the stone of which is a true seed, and it must not be 
confused with the stone of a drupe. 
As regards the Orange (and Citrus fruits generally), and Cucumber, (and Melon, 
&c., fruits generally), the seeds are attached to the placenta, and the fruits are 
sometimes given special names. The Orange is a Hesperidium, and Cucumber a Pepo. 
In Eugenia SmUhii (" Lilly Pilly ") the fruit is a one-seeded, globular, drupe- 
like berry. 
The Pome consists of a " core " which is five-celled, each cell having a horny 
coat enclosing a seed. The whole is enveloped by the swollen top of the pediincle, 
e.g., Apple, Pear, and allied fruits. 
> The Coluraelta U also seen in OaUHrit (Cypress Pine). In O. columeUans it is particularly well developed . 
