1 12 W or s dell. — On the Comparative Anatomy of 
appear rather further on the outside. The vascular tissue 
is ensheathed, on both inside and outside, by a thick zone 
of stone-cells , which gives a characteristic appearance to the 
structure. The epidermal cells are small. No stomata were 
observed. The outer part of the cortex consists of rounded 
cells exhibiting small intercellular spaces. The bundles of 
the central cylinder are arranged in close contact one to 
another, being separated only by a narrow zone of paren- 
chyma. Both xylem and phloem are fairly well developed. 
A distinct cambium is present, giving rise to slight secondary 
thickening in the ring. An endodermal layer could not be 
clearly distinguished ; only a few cells here and there showed 
evidence of having cuticularized radial walls. The cells of 
the pith are full of starch. 
In a longitudinal section the cortical cells appear compactly 
arranged, with small intercellular spaces between them, in 
which a fungus, which we shall find to be a constant feature 
in the root of C. subacaulis, Gardn., rather sparingly occurs. 
The stone-cells of the cortex and the pith are more or less 
elongated and rectangular, or have pointed ends. The re- 
maining pith-cells are rather elongated and full of starch. 
The stems bear scale-leaves , which occur either in pairs 
decussately arranged or alternately ; there is nothing special 
to mention about the anatomy of these. 
A few flowers are borne at the extremity of the stem, each 
in the axil of a bract (Fig. i). 
Structure of the Flower. 
The calyx ^ which is pink in colour, is gamosepalous, with 
five, free, equal segments above ; it is considerably shorter 
than the corolla. The latter is gamopetalous, consisting of 
a tubular portion and five, free, irregular segments above, 
which go to form a sub-bilabiate structure. 
The cells of the petal are loosely arranged, and there is 
evidence of sliding-growth amongst them ; the epidermal 
cells are slightly papillate on both surfaces. 
