132 Worsdell. — On the Comparative Anatomy of 
sitic habit the typical and normal anatomical structure of the 
roots has become extremely modified ; while, as regards mass, 
these organs have attained a great development compared to 
that of the subaerial portion of the plant. C. bicolor, Gardn., 
has not such extreme modifications and degradations of 
structure to suit the parasitic habit as we find in C. subacaulis , 
Gardn. Such phenomena as the development of tubers and 
the branching and growth of the haustorium in various direc- 
tions through the tissues of the host-root are apparently 
unknown in the former species. 
The same reduced character is evident when the structure 
of the subaerial portion of C. subacaulis , Gardn., is examined. 
The stem contains numerous scattered bundles without definite 
arrangement or orientation — a striking difference to the regular 
ring of collateral bundles characteristic of the stem of C. bicolor , 
Gardn. No definite endodermis could be seen in either 
species. In the former plant also the ground-tissue is very 
loose, with a great amount of sliding-growth and contortion 
between the elements, constituting a largely-developed inter- 
cellular system. In C. bicolor , Gardn., this tissue is normal, 
and the cells compactly arranged, with few intercellular spaces. 
Passing on to the appendages of the stem, we see in 
C. bicolor , Gardn., that the scale-leaves have a more regular 
arrangement than in C. subacaulis , Gardn. As regards the 
floral structure, there are a few points of difference. In the 
latter plant the calyx is less regularly formed, often having 
a mere sheath-like appearance ; but the rest of the flower is 
built upon a larger scale ; the stamens cohere when ripe, the 
two posterior anthers being spurred, and the stigma, which 
consists of a large expanded surface, is irritable— characters 
which do not appear in the other species. 
Coming now to C. neilgherrica , Gardn., I will briefly 
mention the chief points of difference between this and the 
two former species, as far as the material at my disposal 
allows. In the reduced nature of its stem-structure, this 
plant occupies an intermediate position between the others ; 
the bundles are not arranged in a definite ring, but in isolated 
