On Spore-Formation and Nuclear Division 
in the Hepaticae. 
BY 
J. BRETLAND FARMER, M.A., 
Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, and Professor of Botany in the 
Royal College of Science, London. 
With Plates XVI, XVII, and XVIII. 
HE present paper is primarily intended to give some 
J- account of the behaviour of the nucleus during the 
formation of the spores in a few genera of Liverworts, but 
I have not scrupled to add other matters where they seemed 
to possess interest. Thus the process of germination of the 
spores of Fegatella x offers certain points of contrast as well as 
of similarity, with the corresponding occurrence in Pellia which 
has already been described in this journal 2 . And again the 
mode of separation of the maturing spores seemed to deserve 
a few remarks. 
As regards the methods employed in fixing the cell- 
contents, absolute alcohol, alone or in conjunction with formic 
or acetic acids, gave fair results, but on the whole Hermann’s 
solution proved perhaps the most satisfactory reagent. The 
1 Now often called Conocephalus. 
2 Farmer and Reeves, On the occurrence of centrospheres in Pellia epiphylla. 
Annals of Botany, Vol. viii. 
[Annals of Botany, Vol. IX. No. XXXV. September, 1895.] 
