10 
The provenance of specimens examined and referred to this species 
is: Paquette rapids/ about 70 miles up the Ottawa river from Ottawa 
city (G.S.C. 1136a-d); cape Smyth, lake Huron (G.S.C. 1985); Cincinnati, 
Ohio (B.M. R428) ; Waynesville, Ohio (B.M. R524) ; Credit river, west 
of Toronto (B.M. R21761) ; Madison, Indiana (B.M. R21482, R21483, 
R21484) ; Warren county, Ohio (B.M. R30146) ; Salt river, Kentucky 
(B.M. R30147, R30148) ; Bardstown, Kentucky (B.M. R30149, R30150) ; 
West End, Anticosti island (B.M. R21503) ; Akpatok island (S.M. A6687-8, 
A6686) ; cape Calhoun, Northwest Greenland (M.M.K. 433, 428, 431) ; 
0vre Vikenes, Stord, Norway (P.M.O. Reusch Coll.) ; and the head of 
Frobisher bay, Bafl&n island (U.S.N.M. 28142). Kiaer’s specimens from 
the Kalstad limestone, near Kalstad, Meldal, Trondheim (P.M.O. 31411, 
31412, 31413, 31414), Plate II, figure 8, and from the Mjos limestone, 
Helgrya island, lake Mjosa, Norway (P.M.O. 38424) Plate II, figure 
9, are badly preserved, but should be identified with Lyopora favosa 
(M'Coy) and not with Calapoecia, as Kiaer suggested. The stratigraphy 
and distribution of the species are considered on later pages. The species 
is characteristic of Black River and Richmond strata. 
Synonymy. As the types are lost and the description is founded on 
characters visible externally only, two alternatives with regard to synonymy 
offer themselves. In the first place the species could be discarded as 
unrecognizable, in which case material subsequently collected from this 
locality and presumably belonging to the species would have to be 
redescribed under a new name. But if a form is found to occur at the 
type locality, which alone can fulfil the original description, it would be 
reasonable to redescribe it under that original name. The present writer 
proposes to adopt the latter course and his decision is strengthened by 
the work of Lambe (1899) who has examined such material while working 
with the Geological Survey, Canada. 
Specimens labelled C. canadensis Billings and collected from Paquette 
rapids, about 70 miles up the Ottawa river from Ottawa city,” probably 
all by T. C. Weston in 1^1 (G.S.C. 1136a-d), have been lent to the writer 
for study (Plate I, figure 1). These perfectly fulfil Billings' description as 
far as it goes. Very unfortunately this material is so recrystallized that no 
reliance can be placed on the appearance in thin section, where even such 
internal structure as is visible on the weathered interiors of calices is lost. 
But the external form and the detail brought out by weathering have 
been compared with the appearance of specimens from Cincinnati, Credit 
river (Plate I, figure 3), and elsewhere, with the result that there is no 
doubt that all these are identical. This other material shows well in thin 
sections and has been compared in this respect with C. huronensis Billings. 
The writer has before him a specimen of C. huronensis (G.S.C. 1985) 
labelled “Cape Smyth. 1859. R.B.” (Plate I, figure 5; Plate II, figure 
9). In view of the date, locality, collector’s initials, and appearance of 
the specimen there is little doubt that this is the very specimen that 
Billings originally described (1865, 426). Sections of this material are 
identical with those of the American forms already shown from external 
^ Sometimes spelt “Pauquette's Rapids” in early papers. 
