28 Ward. — Recent Researches on the Parasitism of Fungi. 
Yet Eriksson asks us, Whence came the infection ? He argues that uredo- 
spores cannot survive the winter ; and that even if they could ten and 
not forty days are necessary for incubation. But here again, both Erysiphe 
and Aphides appear in such tubes. Are the Aphides derived also from 
an internal source, like ‘ mycoplasm * ? 
In series (g) again, where two cases were used and seven seeds 
employed, during the eighty-eight days of the experiment one case 
remained free from rust, while two plants in the other were rusted. 
Further, in series (i), where four cases of Barley, Oats, and Twitch were 
tried, five seeds or rhizomes in each case, of the twenty plants only one 
was rusted, and this had Puccinia on it at the start. 
Surely there is something wrong in the distribution of the parasite 
here, if Eriksson’s idea is correct. 
With regard to series (j), where three cases of sterile soil were sown 
with Barley, five grains each, case No. 2 showed no rust ; case i showed 
rust in twenty-six days ; and case 3 was rusted in fifty-two days and 
had Aphides in it. 
Now, apart from the question, Does Eriksson imagine that the Aphides 
arose from within? is it not suggestive that Aphides can carry the spores 
of Uredineae about on their bodies? 
(5) Since Eriksson has admitted ( 67 ) that his 4 corpuscules 
speciaux’ figured in 190 1-2 ( 65 ) are haustoria, in accordance with my 
explanation of them ( 195 ), I need say no more on this subject here. 
Further details regarding histological points will be dealt with later. 
(6) With regard to analogies afforded by other parasites, Eriksson 
has in my opinion fallen on somewhat unfortunate examples. 
Nawaschin ( 118 ) has shown that the amoebae of Plasmodiophora are 
perfectly distinct, and remain so, from the cytoplasm of the cells they invade, 
and modern staining methods make it impossible to believe that where the 
nuclei of the host-cells and of the parasite stain so distinctly as they do in 
Uredineae no better traces of them could be obtained than Eriksson supposes. 
In support of his hypothesis, Eriksson might have used the then 
mysterious seed Fungus of Lolium temulentum ; but Freeman has now 
shown, in my laboratory (75 a), that the Fungus is perfectly traceable in the 
developing seed. It is interesting to note by the way that Lindau has 
since found this in Egyptian seeds buried for about 4,000 years ( 104 #). 
With the question of Pseudocommis I have dealt on p. 34. 
Infection. 
When the sporidia {basidio spores), developed from the promycelium 
(basidium) of the germinating teleutospore of P. graminis , are sown on the 
Barberry, the germ-tube put forth pierces the cuticle ; and we now know that 
