\6 Ward. — Recent Researches on the Parasitism of Fungi . 
of a heteroecious Puccinia which develops its teleutospores on a Dico- 
tyledon. It is now known as P. Co nopod ii-Bistortae, Kleb. 
Another, known as P. Angelicae-Bistortae , Kleb., was found by 
Klebahn to develop the aecidium-form not on Conopodium — which does 
not grow in that part of Germany— but on Carum , and also, and still better, 
on Angelica. Ed. Fischer in 1902 ( 72 , p. 12) confirmed the infection of 
Carum. But it appears that yet a third Puccinia , forming its teleuto- 
spores on Polygonum viviparum , is here comprised. It is known as 
P. Polygoni-vivipari , Karsten, and it also infects Angelica and forms 
aecidia on that plant, which again infect P. viviparum , but can also, 
though feebly, infect P. Bistorta , and there can be little doubt that there 
are other cases. 
Whether Klebahn’s conclusion that P. Conopodii-Bistortae and P. 
Angelicae are representative (or geographical) species is correct or no, 
there seems little room for disagreeing with his view that we have in the 
case of P. Angelicae-Bistortae and P. P olygoni-vivipari two forms adapted 
in different degrees to their mutual hosts. 
A series of puccinias on Digraphis , formerly comprised as Puccinia 
sessilis , Schneid., offer a still more complex case. 
Aecidia on Allium ursinumy Arum maculatum and certain Orchids, &c., 
have been proved to belong to this set. Soppitt showed that one of 
them — now called P. Convallariae - Digraphidis y Sopp. — develops its 
aecidium only on Convallaria ( 163 , p. 213) ; on Polygonatum it gets no 
further than the formation of brown flecks— i. e. it appears to infect this 
plant, but the infecting tubes cannot grow to maturity, but die in the 
tissues. Klebahn showed and Soppitt confirmed ( 161 , 1896, pp. 257 and 
324, and 1897, p. 8) that Majanthemum remains immune. 
Another was shown by Plowright ( 131 , 1893, p. 43) to form aecidia 
on Paris but not on Convallaria. 
Again, Magnus, Wagner, and Klebahn have found the Piiccinia from 
Digraphis successfully infecting Convallaria , Polygonatum^ Majanthemum , 
and Paris , and this form is now described as P. Smilacearum Digraphidis, 
Kleb. 
But Klebahn has since found that, whereas Polygonatum is richly and 
easily infected, and Convallaria nearly as well ; Majanthemum and Paris 
are; but feebly attacked, and although more work is required, it certainly 
does look as if we had a Puccinia on Digraphis here accommodating itself 
in various degrees to a number of other hosts on which to form its aecidia. 
Nor is this all. Klebahn ( 98 , p. 1 51) mentions a form, practically indis- 
tinguishable from P. Convallariae-Digraphidis , but distinguished by its 
feeble capacity for infecting Paris and perhaps M ajanthemum. 
Moreover, infection experiments have now separated P. Ari-Phalaridis y 
Plowr., forming aecidia on Arum but not on Allium ( 135 , 1888, p. 88), 
