II 
Ward. — Recent Researches on the Parasitism of Fungi . 
Eupuccinia , I, II, III, all known. 
Pucciniopsis , I, III known, but no uredo. 
Brachypuccinia , spermogonium, II, III only known, but no aecidium. 
Hemipuccinia , II, III only known ; no aecidium or spermogonium. 
Micropuccinia , III only, germinating after the winter rest. 
Leptopuccinia , III only, but germinating at once. 
In like manner the genus Uromyces falls into Eu-uromyces , Uromycopsis , 
Brachyuromyces , &c., and so on with the other forms in so far as they form 
aecidia or not. 
Under each we then have subdivisions according as they are autoecious 
or heteroecious ; and, further, account may be taken of the spring or the 
autumn germination of the teleutospores, and of perennial mycelia, &c. 
The biological groupings are of course provisional, since at any time 
we may find the aecidium of a supposed hemi-form — as has recently 
occurred with Melampsorella C ary ophyllace arum (see p. io). As another 
example of like kind I may mention my proof in 1881 of the existence of 
teleutospores in Hemileia , the Fungus of the Coffee leaf-disease. 
There can be no doubt that Schroter’s ideas, extended by Dietel, 
Klebahn, and Brefeld, saved the situation, which was rapidly degenerating 
into chaos. 
Sexuality. 
It is impossible for me to go into the alleged sexuality of the Uredineae, 
or into the further details of classification based on spore-formation, &c. 
But reference ought to be made to Mr. Blackman’s ( 33 ) summary of the 
matter, and his own interesting and important histological work, 1904 ; how- 
ever, as he will himself give you his results, I may here pass over the matter 
with the mere expression of opinion that Sapin-Trouffy and Dangeard 
have not established a case sufficiently strong to upset Brefeld’s contention 
that the Uredineae like the Basidiomycetes have no recognized sexual 
process ; whether Blackman has succeeded in doing so is matter for further 
investigation, and there can be no question of the importance of his results. 
Spore-distribution. 
It is astounding how little we actually know of the distribution of the 
spores of the Uredineae. I refer more particularly to the modes of dis- 
tribution, and the number of spores conveyed ; and to what distances they 
may be carried and still remain alive. 
I showed clearly enough in 1881 ( 192 ) that the uredospores of Hemileia 
are carried by wind, and can be caught on slides smeared with glycerine 
and exposed in the air ; and the fact that wind is the principal agent 
of dispersal of such spores cannot be doubted. 
That such spores may retain their germinating power for from sixty- 
