35^ Ridley . — On ihe Dispersal of Seeds by Wind. 
flight in a strong breeze was 38 to 46 yards. These furthest flights 
were along a path, and on an open grass plot, where they may have 
drifted a little after reaching the ground, which could not happen and does 
not when they fall in jungle. Dropped from the verandah with Shorea 
leprostda fruit, they went a little further than that, and took longer to reach 
the ground. They flew most irregularly, sometimes in one direction, some- 
times in another, when there was no wind. 
Cumpassia Malaccensis (Leguminosae). Also a very lofty tree, often 
much over 100 feet. The thin one-seeded pod flies more slowly and 
rather further than those of Shorea . In an open space I found it reached 
61 yards with a good wind. It is common all over the peninsula, and 
occurs in Borneo. 
Sterculia scaphigera (Sterculiaceae). A very large tree, fruiting at 
60 feet and upwards. The fruit consists of from one to five papery, 
green, boat-shaped carpels, 6 to 8 inches long, with a single seed 
at the base. The boat has a gibbous bend towards the base, at which 
point it is broadest. The boats when ripe become detached singly and 
drift along, the gibbous portion causing them to rotate briskly as they drift. 
In thick jungle I found the fruits 50 yards from the main tree, none further. 
Dyer a costulata , Hook. fil. (Apocynaceae). This gigantic tree has 
a fruit consisting of a pair of wooden follicles which split along the upper 
edge, and release a large number of very thin, winged seeds about an inch 
across and elliptic. These seeds in a strong gale flew 40 yards only, 
though the tree is over ico feet tall, and stands away from the forest on an 
open grass plot, so that it is fully exposed to the whole force of the wind. 
Dyera costidata inhabits the forests all over the peninsula, and occurs in 
Borneo also, and attains a height of over 200 feet. 
A Ibizzia Moluccana , Bl. (Leguminosae). This is a large tree, 60 
to 80 feet tall, introduced as a shade tree into the Malay Peninsula. It 
has thin, several-seeded pods ; when ripe they split, and one half carrying 
the seeds drifts away in the wind. As it is commonly planted in open 
ground the half pods drift along the ground very fairly far. It is very 
prolific, and grows with the greatest rapidity, but it does not move so fast 
if it is surrounded by dense forest, as I have seen it in long-abandoned 
estates on Gunong Pantai in Johor. 
Spatholobus ferruginous , Benth. (Leguminosae). A climber, often 
gigantic, very common in woods and also in the denser forests, where 
it climbs to a height of 80 or 90 feet or more. It only flowers when 
it reaches the light, and produces very large numbers of its thin- winged 
pods. A big plant, climbing to the top of the Terminalia subspathu- 
lata above mentioned and commonly fruiting there, shed its fruits to 
a distance of 60 feet. There is, however, a plant of this species in the 
jungle, 188 yards away from the big plant, which may be derived from 
