Ixviii Sir William Jackson Hooker. 
India. The operations of the several parties organized to 
proceed into the Andes and procure young plants and seeds 
have been described in detailed reports laid before the Secre- 
tary of State for India by Clements R. Markham, Esq. Upon 
the Royal Gardens devolved the duties of receiving and 
transmitting the seeds and plants to India, of raising a large 
crop of seedlings, of nursing the young stock, lest those sent 
on should perish or the seeds lose their vitality, and of recom- 
mending competent gardeners to take charge of the living 
plants from their native forests to the hill country of India, 
and to have the care of the new plantations there. Further, 
with the sanction of the Indian and Colonial Governments, it 
was arranged that our West Indian colonies and Ceylon 
should be supplied with a portion of the seeds.’ 
In the Report for 1862 the number of plants established in 
the Nilghiris is 117.706; in the Sikkim Himalaya 2,000*, in 
Ceylon about 3,000. In the Report for 1863 the number of 
plants in the Nilghiris is stated to be 259,356, and in the 
Himalaya 8,ooo, where applications have been made to the 
superintendent of the plantation from private individuals for 
1,500,000 plants ; in Ceylon 22,050. 
In 1864 and subsequently great efforts were made to 
introduce the Ipecacuanha plant into India from Brazil, but 
with little success. The plant was impatient of removal from 
its native forest and of transportation, and was further one of 
extraordinary slow growth. Such specimens as arrived in 
India in a living state made no progress, and the attempt 
had to be abandoned. 
In 1861 a reading-room and some books and horticultural 
journals were provided for the gardeners, and Professor Oliver, 
keeper of the Library and Herbarium, volunteered a course 
of elementary lectures on botany. It was not till some ten 
1 Manufactories of quinine have been established in the Sikkim Himalaya and 
the Nilghiri Hills. The most signal proof of the success of the experiment is, 
that a dose of five grains of quinine in a paper bearing a Government stamp may 
be bought at any post office in Bengal for half a farthing. This supply is from 
the Sikkim manufactory. 
