Yapp.— Two Malayan ‘ Myrmecophilous ’ Ferns . 187 
completely encircling the branches of its host, and is fully 
exposed both to the rains and the scorching sun of its tropical 
environment. 
Blume’s type specimens were collected in the Moluccas, but 
the plant is also known from the Philippines, Celebes, Borneo, 
Java, Singapore (Mr. Ridley informs me that it grows on 
Bukit 1 Timah, at a height of about 600 ft. above sea-level), 
and the following localities in Perak (one of the western states 
of the Malay Peninsula): — Birch’s Hill; Gunong 2 Bubu, 
5,000 ft. ; Larut, 3,000-5,000 ft. ; while the material used in 
the preparation of this paper was collected by myself 3 on 
Gunong Inas (4-5,300 ft.), a mountain on the northern 
borders of Perak. 
Polypodium sinuosum , on the other hand, is often found 
almost at sea-level. Its creeping rhizomes (which do not 
form such compact and massive growths as those of Poly- 
podium carnosum ) are frequently to be seen quite near the 
ground, and usually on the trunk itself or on the main 
branches of its host. It may thus be shaded to some extent 
from the rays of the sun by the foliage of the tree on which 
it grows 4 . 
Its distribution is more extended than that of P. carnostim . 
It has been recorded from Malacca and other parts of the 
Malay Peninsula as far north as Mergui ; Amboyna, Isle of 
Jobi, &c. ; while eastwards it extends to the New Hebrides 
and the Solomon Islands. The spirit-material I have 
examined is from the Botanic Gardens at Singapore. I am 
greatly indebted to Mr. H. N. Ridley for his kindness in 
preserving and forwarding this material to me. 
Some idea of the general habit of these remarkable Ferns 
may be obtained from the photographs forming Figs. 1 and 2. 
1 Bukit in Malay means a hill. 
2 Gunong is a Malay word for mountain, not necessarily a larger peak than 
bukit , but usually more precipitous and rugged. 
3 During the Cambridge expedition of 1899-1900 to the Siamese-Malay states, 
under the leadership of Mr. W. W. Skeat. 
4 Karsten (’95, p. 182), however, states that in Amboyna he has found it grow- 
ing in very sunny exposed situations. 
