1 88 Yapp . — Two Malayan ‘ Myrmecophilous' Ferns. 
That of P. carnosum (Fig. i) was taken near the summit of 
Gunong Inas in Perak, at a height of 5,300 ft. At that 
elevation the jungle is dwarfed sufficiently to allow a photo- 
graph of the Fern as it appears in nature to be taken without 
much difficulty. 
The photograph of P. sinuostim (Fig. 2) was taken on 
Pulau 1 Redang, the largest of a small group of islands in 
the China Sea, a little to the N.E. of Trengganu, one of the 
eastern states of the Malay Peninsula. The tree on which 
it grew was only a few feet above sea-level, at the edge of the 
jungle which covers these islands, as indeed it does almost all 
the available land in this region. 
Although these Ferns are referred to in the works of 
numerous authors, yet comparatively little is known of their 
anatomy, their external features alone having attracted 
attention in most cases. So far as I am aware, the only 
papers dealing with their internal structure are those by 
Goebel 2 and Karsten 3 . These authors limit their descrip- 
tions to a few of the most striking points, and in either case 
very little mention is made of Polypodium carnosum. The 
descriptions are, moreover, supported by but few figures. 
I. Polypodium carnosum (Blume). 
External Morphology. 
(a) Stem. The rhizome is thick and fleshy, glabrous but 
for the presence of minute multicellular hairs, which are often 
branched (Fig. 13), and are scattered over the surface of the 
young parts of the stem, especially on the flanks, but generally 
completely disappear from the older parts. It is furnished 
with a thin covering of wax, which is doubtless of importance 
in the reduction of transpiration, serving a purpose similar to 
that of the dense covering of peltate scales found in Polypodium 
sinuosum and other allied Ferns. 
1 Pulau is Malay for an island. 
2 Goebel (’88), pp. 16 et seq.; see also Goebel (’89), pp. 204 et seq. 
3 Karsten, loc. cit, pp. 178 et seq. 
