48 
SPOONS 
No spoons of bone or antler, such as have been found at post-European 
Iroquoian sites in southwestern Ontario ( See Skinner, 3) were discovered. 
It is possible that spoons were made of wood as among the modern Iroquois, 
but none of these survived owing to the perishable material. Clam shells 
may have been used for the purpose, especially those with the edges worn, 
apparently from scraping against the insides of rough pottery vessels. A 
crude earthenware object shaped like the bowl of a spoon was found (Plate 
II, figure 3, 1 but it is not likely to have been used for the purpose. 
FORKS 
Wooden forks or eating sticks are used by the modern Iroquois, but 
any that may have been made of this material and used here have decayed 
or at least were not found. Some of the pointed bone objects considered 
as awls, however, may have been used for the purpose. 
CORN SCRAPERS 
Four lower jaws of the deer, with the condyle and the coronoid process 
broken off, may have been used as scrapers for removing corn from the cob 
as among modern Iroquois. 2 
CORN- HUSKING PINS 
It is possible that some of the pointed antler objects, found here, were 
used as corn-husking pins. The perforated antler object seen in Plate 
XVII, figure 25, may have been used for the purpose, the loop which is 
slipped over the middle finger being fastened through the hole [See Waugh, 
Plate VI, figures a and b, showing pins used by modern Iroquois). 
IMPLEMENTS USED BY MEN 
Artifacts, which were probably used by men, consist of antler wedges 
or chisels, stone adzes, stone hammers, chisels and knives made of beaver 
teeth, knives made of bear teeth, handles for knives, and whetstones. 
Some of the objects considered under “ Problematical and Miscellaneous 
Objects/’ may also have been used by men. No cylindrical antler tools 
used in flaking or chipping stone arrow-points or scrapers were found, 
although they are common in Iroquoian sites elsewhere in Ontario and in 
New York. If such tools were used as chipping tools, as is generally 
believed, their absence here would correspond with the scarcity of chipped 
objects. The scars on the sides near the tip of a polished antler tine found 
here, however, may have been caused by use as a tool in flaking by 
pressure. Although holes in some of the artifacts seem to have been drilled 
*A simitar, but larger, specimen of nearly the same shape was found on a Tionontati site on lot 12, con. VII, Not- 
tawasaga tp., Simcoe co. (See Orr, 4: 100); and another comes from a Neutral site on lot 17, con. X, Bayham ‘p., 
Elgin co., Ont. (Cat. No. VIII-F-5787, Nat. Mus., Canada). 
i See Parker, 2, fig. 9, and pp. 53-54, who was the first to record their use for this purpose; also Waugh, PI. VI, 
fig. c. 
