54 
SCRAPERS 
Instead of being used in tanning, as suggested below, the scraper blades 
chipped from chert and chalcedony may have been used in woodworking 
and in shaping pieces of bone and antler. 
HAMMERSTONES 
Twelve hammerstones made of quartzite, limestone, granite, and gneiss 
were found. Three of them have flattened sides and conoid battering 
edges, and were probably used in pecking or bruising pieces of stone into 
shape before grinding (Plate XIV, figure 17). Six specimens are cobbles, 
of a size and shape easily held in the hand, and have peripheral abrasions. 
Two others, in addition to the battered edges, have one or both sides slightly 
flattened. A much battered, broken stone adze seems to have been long 
used as a hammer. The pitted specimens described as mullers above, w r ere 
probably also sometimes used as hammers, the pits in the sides affording 
convenient holds for the thumb and forefinger while in use. 
Hammerstones were as numerous here as at Neutral sites in south- 
western Ontario. 
GROOVED STONE HAMMERS 
No grooved stone hammers were found, although they may have been 
used by the people of the site; one is said to have been discovered at the 
site of Hochelaga. 1 
IMPLEMENTS USED BY WOMEN 
Tools used in work usually performed by women among the Indians 
consist of clam shells and other implements probably used in pottery 
making; scrapers of stone and bone used in tanning; awls and needles used 
in sewing, weaving, and snow-shoe making; and a possible spindle-whorl 
used in spinning. 
CLAM SHELL TOOLS 
A few clam shells with the edges worn and others with the. sides worn 
down may have been used as scrapers and smoothers in shaping pottery 
vessels. 
SPATULATE BONE TOOLS 
Spatulatc bone tools like those in Plate XVII, figures 2, 3, and 5, and 
the implement in figure 18, in the same plate, were probably used in shaping 
the rims and in making the lines and other decoration seen on pottery. 
SCRAPER BLADES CHIPPED FROM STONE 
Five scrapers were found; four are chipped from chert, and one from 
a whitish stone resembling chalcedony (Cat. No. VIII-F-13785) . They 
are all plano-convex (Plate XIV, figure 20). Some of them are crude, one 
being of an irregular shape; another seems to have been of a triangular 
i Dawson (2 : 372), probably referring to a grooved stone hammer resembling those of the Plains Culture Area.i 
the Dawson collection, Peter Iledpath Museum, Montreal. 
