28 
about | inch from the prong. Both edges of the basal end are rubbed down 
obliquely, reducing the transverse width of the butt to £ inch. The general 
shape of the bone specimen in Plate I, figure 12, likewise suggests that it 
was used as a barb. The basal end retains the slight bend of the natural 
bone, with the face not seen in the figure rubbed down sufficiently to make 
the barb, if fastened to a shaft, project at an angle of about 20 degrees. 
The whole specimen is more or less discoloured by fire. The tips of these 
specimens are not very sharp, but they would have been sufficiently so to 
prevent the escape of a fish impaled on the sharp central prong of the spear. 
It is possible, if the inhabitants of this site used the three-pronged type 
of fish spear, that some of the long, pointed bone specimens, such as the 
one in Plate I, figure 8, were used as central points or prongs. 
UNILATERALLY BARBED BONE AND ANTLER HARPOON POINTS 
All but one of the four unilaterally barbed harpoon points found here 
are broken (See Plate I, figures 20, 21, 25). One of the points is made of 
antler (figure 25) and the others are of bone; one (figure 20) is derived 
apparently from the bone of a large sea mammal. The specimen shown in 
figure 21 retains the marrow hollow, and its point, which appears to be 
unfinished, was probably broken in the making. Two of the points had a 
single barb (figure 25) and the others (figures 20 and 21) several barbs, 
most of them being blunt. Those on the one in figure 20 were produced 
by deep, oblique, V-shaped notches, the tip of each barb projecting only 
slightly beyond the edge. The cross-section of the points varies — that of 
the one in figure 25 being oblong, that of the one in figure 20 half-round, 
and that of the one in figure 21 concavo-convex. The barbed edge of the 
point in figure 20 is distinctly keeled to within about an inch of the base, 
whereas the other edge is keeled for only about a third of its length. The 
points vary in thickness from about inch, as in those in figures 21 and 
25, to \ inch, as in the point in figure 20. Only the point in figure 20 has 
a line hole, and this shows signs of wearing on the edges, probably from 
the chafing of the line that secured it to the spear shaft. The point in 
figure 25, which shows evidence of having been refashioned from a larger 
broken point, also seems to have been perforated, as part of a hole can be 
seen on the basal edge. The thickness of the basal portion of this point 
has been reduced, by cutting or rubbing, from ^ inch to about ^ inch, 
leaving a slight shoulder about \ inch from the base, which was probably 
intended to facilitate attachment to the shaft. The base of the point in 
figure 20 is blunt; a small part of it is missing. 
A few other broken antler objects, pierced with a hole, may be parts 
of harpoon points. 
The multiple-barbed harpoon points are similar to some of those 
found at other Iroquoian sites in Ontario. 1 Single-barbed points, like 
that in figure 25, are less common at pre-European sites than those with 
multiple barbs, but they are abundant, at later sites. 2 Unilaterally barbed 
points also occur at Iroquoian sites in New York. 3 
'See Wintemberg, 2, figs. 8, 15, 19, 22, 23, and 25-29, showing specimens from pre-and post-European Huron sites 
in Simeon, York, and Victoria counties. 
‘‘Ibid., figs. 3, 4, 7, and 9-14, showing specimens from post-European Neutral sites in Brant and Wentworth 
counties 
*See Beauchamp, 4, figs. 234, 238, 242-245, 254, 259, 329, and 354; and Parker, 6, fig. 57, and Plate 128, figs. 6-9. 
