26 
illustrates several from an Onondaga site in Jefferson county, New York 
(4:128, and Plate XXIII, figures b-e), and another from the same county 
is figured by Beauchamp (4, Figure 12). A fragment of a point, apparently 
made from part of a raccoon femur, was found at the site of Hochelaga. 
These points also occur at early Huron sites in Bexley, Eldon, and Fenelon 
townships, Victoria county, and at Neutral Indian sites in the counties of 
Waterloo and Elgin {See author, 9, Plate XV, figure 2). 
The method of manufacturing these arrow-points is suggested oy a 
number of specimens. There are several bones unworked and others, 
especially heads of dog tibia), with the lower part of the shaft severed by 
scoring and breaking. The butt was smoothed and the smaller end was 
pointed by rubbing on abrasive stones, and in some cases the angles of the 
natural borders of those derived from tibise were accentuated by grinding. 
Barbs were produced by hollowing the base. 
CONE-SHAPED ANTLER POINTS FOR ARROWS 
Forty-seven points for arrows are made from antler tines. Most of 
them are whole. They range in length from lf| to 4f§ inches, the majority 
of them being from l£ to 3^ inches long. The diameter of the base varies 
from | to | inch. The depth of the socket holes, which are round or oval 
in cross-section, and more or less conical, varies from ^ inch to 1£ inches 
and from £ to tfc inch in diameter. 
The points are round (Plate I, figures 15 and 17), oval (Plate I, figure 
18), square, lozenge-shaped, and hexagonal in cross-section, but most of 
them are round and oval. The tip of about half the points is sharp; one 
is wedge-shaped; and that of another specimen is diamond-shaped. About 
half of the specimens have the base cut off squarely (Plate I, figure 17) ; 
a few are cut off at a slant; and others have the base indented, producing 
two moderately sharp barbs (Plate I, figure 18). The one in Plate I, 
figure 15, has four barbs formed by cutting deep, V-shaped notches into 
the base. There is a shallow groove around the butt end of the specimen 
in Plate I, figure 17. Some of the points are polished. A few are burnt, 
perhaps intentionally to harden them. 
Arrow-points of the same type and material occur at other sites of the 
same culture in Quebec (Dawson, 1, Figure 14), New York (Beauchamp, 
4, Figures 4, 311, 314), and Vermont (Perkins, 3, Plate XXXIV), at early 
Huron and Neutral sites in Ontario (author, 8, Plate I, figures 16 to 18), 
and at Erie (Parker, 1, Plate 35, figure 8) and Seneca sites in New York 
(Beauchamp, 4, Figure 323) . They are also found at sites of other cultures 
in the United States. 
The manufacture of these arrow-points can be illustrated by unworked 
and partly worked pieces, by tines that have been severed from beams 
either by breaking, hacking and breaking, or scoring and breaking, by 
partly completed, and by finished, points. After being severed from the 
beam, the larger end of the tine was carefully whittled and afterwards 
rubbed into the desired shape, the socket hole was excavated, and the tip 
was whittled and ground to a sharp point. Evidences of other processes 
can still be seen on some of the apparently finished points. Thus a number 
show traces of the scraping that was in some cases necessary to reduce 
