70 
Some of the more slender bone awls, found here, may have been used 
as the pins in this game, although the pins may also have been made of 
wood. 
The manufacture of these units from the unworked bones, of which 
many were found, is illustrated by a number of unfinished specimens. A 
perforation at each end was all that was needed to produce those shown in 
Plate XV, figures 20, 21, and 22; but to make the kind seen in figure 19 
it was necessary to break off the proximal end of the phalanx, smooth the 
fractured edges, and make a hole through the distal articular facet. 
Flattened Phalanges 
Two hundred and eighty-six flattened objects derived from proximal 
phalanges and nine from middle phalanges of the deer were found, about 
one-third of them being either slightly broken or mere fragments. Eleven 
specimens are from bones of young deer, most of them having the epiphysis 
missing. Three specimens have been partly scorched, giving them a grey, 
brownish, and black colour. Some of them are highly polished. The 
precise use of these objects is not known, but we consider them here because 
the appearance of some of them suggests that they were used in a game 
like dice. Several different kinds are illustrated in Plate XV, figures 24 
to 29. 
The shape of most of the bones has been more or less modified by 
grinding, but the amount of modification to which each specimen was 
subjected varied. All of them have the back flattened and the grinding 
left a large, irregular hole through the wall near the proximal end of the 
bone (Plate XV, figure 26) ; in about one-third of the specimens there is 
also a small hole near the distal end of the bone (Plate XV, figure 29), 
although some of these may have been made purposely by scraping or 
gouging after the wall at this end of the bone had become sufficiently thin 
to permit of this being done. Twenty-seven other specimens were ground 
until the full length of the marrow hollow w r as exposed. Sixty-five speci- 
mens show no flattening on the front; but a large hole was broken through 
the wall near the proximal end of the bone, and the edges of the opening 
have been slightly smoothed. Another specimen has the full length of the 
front wall broken and each of the slightly smoothed edges bears a shallow 
notch. The front part of one hundred and ninety other phalanges was 
ground to several different shapes; one hundred and twenty-two having the 
wdiole front flattened, which in most cases resulted in a large opening near 
the proximal extremity. The openings in a few others seem to have been 
made purposely by breaking, and in twenty-five specimens the entire 
marrow hollow was exposed (Plate XV, figure 29). Fourteen specimens 
with the front at the distal end flattened have the proximal half of the 
bone ground down at a slant (Plate XV, figure 27), and eighteen specimens 
have the distal end ground down abruptly, in some cases to a chisel-like 
edge. Eleven others, two of which are in Mr. White’s collection, have 
the front ground down at an angle at each end, exposing the marrow cavity 
at both ends, and producing an object with a somewhat triangular, longi- 
tudinal cross-section. Another kind, of which we found eighteen specimens, 
has the front and two sides near the distal end flattened, making this end 
