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sites in Simcoe county (See Boyle, 3, Figure 5) and early Huron sites in 
Victoria county (See Boyle, 8, Figure 5), except that it lacks the oblong, 
vertical depressions on the sides and other decoration. 
The second sub-type includes bowls w r ith encircling grooves, which in 
some cases are of different widths and depths. There are ten specimens of 
this type, one of which is in Mr. White's collection. 
The third sub-type, of which there are nine broken bowls, has deep 
encircling grooves and a row of pits either above or below the grooves 
(Plate XV, figure 40). 
The cone with straight collar and encircling grooves, of which there 
are thirty-three specimens, is more common than any other sub-type (See 
Plate XV, figure 41). 
The sub-type with incurving collar, of which there are twenty-eight 
specimens, shows the most elaborate treatment of any type found here. 
Four of them bore a crescent on the side of the bowl facing the smoker 
(Plate XVI, figure 14) , fifteen, including one in the White collection, bore 
human face masks (Plate XVI, figure 18), four had owl face forms (Plate 
XVI, figure 12), one bore a rattlesnake form (Plate XVI, figure 3), and 
five others are so broken that it is impossible to say whether they bore any 
of these life forms or not. A more detailed description of the life forms and 
the decoration on the incurved collar is given under “ Art.” 
Only a few of the pipe fragments, which are too small to assign to any 
of the above types, require any special comment. One of them bears the 
group of horizontal grooves so often seen on the fronts of bowls of the 
trumpet type, which suggests that this fragment is of this type. Another 
fragment of what was probably the front of the bowl has a luting scar and 
a broken space of about the same size below it, which suggests that there 
had either been a human or animal head, a whole animal form as on some 
of the stone effigy pipes (See Boyle, 13, Figure 7), or some kind of handle, 
as on a pipe from a grave in Pennsylvania (See Wren, Plate 15, figure 27), 
and on another from Tennessee (See McGuire, Figure 150). One fragment 
from that part of the bowl where bowl and stem join (Cat. No. VIII-F- 
13149) is possibly from a pipe with an oblong bowl, like one illustrated by 
Boyle (7, Figure 33) ; it even has pits on each side as on the pipe in Boyle’s 
figure; the lower part of the stem was notched. It is hard to say of what 
type of pipe the fragment seen in Plate XVI, figure 15, formed a part. 
Skinner illustrates a similar shield on a pipe of the truncated cone sub-type, 
from a site of the same culture as Roebuck, in Jefferson county, New York 
(4, Figure 39b) ; and it is probable that our specimen formed part of a 
similar type of pipe. 
Besides the life forms represented on the bowls of the trumpet and 
cone types, there is one pipe with the bowl modelled to represent the body 
of a bird (Plate XVI, figure 7), two others with snakes coiled around the 
bowl (Plate XVI, figures 1 and 2), and what appear to be several fish 
forms on the bowl of another (Plate XVI, figure 4) . 
Here, as elsewhere at pre-European Iroquoian sites, all the human 
faces, bird heads, and crescents faced the smoker. 
Earthenware pipes with human faces and other life forms are common 
at Iroquoian sites, probably more common than at sites of any other 
