83 
culture. A specimen has been found as far east as Victoria county, New 
Brunswick (See Bailey, Plate II, figure 9), but it was probably carried 
there by some Iroquois war party or obtained by the people of that part 
by trade. No pipes with two, three, and four face masks on the one bowl 
were found here as at early Huron and Neutral sites in Ontario (See Boyle, 
8, Figures 6, 7, 8; 11, Figure 22) and an Erie site in New York (See 
Parker, 1, Plate 31, figure 4) ; none of the pipes, also, had one of the eyes 
or the mouth forming the bowl cavity as on two bowls from Tionontati 
sites in Simeoe county (See Smith, 2, Plate LXIX, figures 7 and 8). Bird 
heads, especially those of the owl, are a distinctive feature of Iroquoian 
pipes and are seen on Tionontati, Huron, Neutral, Onondaga, and Mohawk 
pipes. Snake forms on earthenware pipes also seem to be an almost 
exclusively Iroquoian feature. Pipes with crescent forms on the back of 
the bowl seem to be confined to Iroquois of the Mohawk-Onondaga group, 
and occur as far east as the site of Hochelaga (See Dawson, 3, Figures 23 
and 23a). A much cruder and simpler form comes from a site on lot 26, 
concession III, Edwardsburgh township, southeast of Roebuck. In New 
York they seem to occur exclusively in Onondaga sites in Jefferson county 
( See Beauchamp, 2, Figure 220, and Parker, 3, Plate XX, figure 2). 
Several of the bowls bear rectangular, oblong, and ovoid depressions 
(See Plate XV, figure 43, and Plate XVI, figures 11, 13, and 14). Most of 
them occur on bird and crescent forms and do not seem to be ornamental 
in themselves, so it is likely that they and the eyes of the human and other 
life forms were inlaid with material of a different colour from that of the 
pipe itself. 1 There is nothing, however, to indicate this, beyond the fact 
that the bottom of some of the depressions seems to have been purposely 
roughened as if to hold the inlay more effectively. If pieces of shell were 
used they probably became loosened and fell out. The material may also 
have consisted of coloured pieces of wood, which have now disappeared 
through decay. Similar depressions are seen on both stone and earthenware 
pipes from Iroquoian sites in Ontario, Quebec, New York, and Vermont, 
and appear to be an exclusively Iroquoian feature. 
Earthenware pipes were as abundant here as at Iroquoian sites 
elsewhere in Ontario and in New York. 
The technical processes involved in the manufacture of pipes, of 
earthenware differed slightly from those employed in the production of 
pottery. Most of the ware appears to be without tempering, although the 
material may have been so finely comminuted that its presence cannot be 
detected. 
There is no evidence that any of the pipes were made in a mould, but 
each pipe was modelled separately so that no two are exactly alike. The 
appearance of the sides and bottoms of some of the bowl cavities suggests 
that the clay had been modelled over a rough stick; in others the cavities 
are perfectly symmetrical, which suggests that they had been carefully 
reamed out before firing. That pipes may sometimes have been made solid 
and bored out after modelling is suggested by a broken bowl (Cat. No. 
^Hunter (1: 175) quotes a reference to a pipe with the eyes of the human face ‘‘formed of white pearly-loolcing 
beads.” 
