89 
appear to be in this condition show considerable polish on the working end. 
The largest specimen is 7f£ inches long. The work performed with them 
was probably not of a rough nature, as only three out of the entire lot have 
the working end broken. The shafts of some were polished, which suggests 
that they were held directly in the hand when in use. It has been suggested 
that they were possibly hoes (page 89), although an implement with a 
broader blade would have been more suitable; however, they would per- 
haps serve as well in turning up the ground in preparation for planting as 
the “ crooked or sharp branches,” which Peter Kalm mentions as having 
been used by the Indians (I, page 341). Another use would be as mattocks 
for loosening from the bank the clay used in pottery-making. Still another 
possible use would be for loosening and removing bark from trees {See 
Mason, 1), although this 'would probably not have resulted in the uniform 
polish seen on the working ends of most of these objects. The writer has 
not seen any of these implements from nearby sites of the same culture ; they 
have also not been found in sites of the same culture in New York; three 
were found in Huron sites in Victoria county, Ontario, one of them per- 
forated (See Boyle, 4, Figure 135). What seems to have been an object 
of the same kind was found in a site of another culture at Frenchman bay, 
Massachusetts {See Abbott, Figure 195). 
The phallus-like object in Plate XVII, figure 24, is carved from a piece 
of antler that is somewhat oval in cross-section. The oblong hole worked 
crosswise through the longer diameter of the oval, near the broken end, may 
have been intended for the reception of a bone or stone knife or chisel blade. 
The purpose of another hole near the head, made from both sides diagonally 
through the tine, is uncertain, except that it may have been intended for the 
attachment of a thong. 
The canine of a dog seen in Plate XVII, figure 10, has one side of the 
root ground down, exposing the neural cavity, probably to make it smaller 
so as to fit into a handle with a small socket hole. The tip is worn as if 
from constant use. 
Three small fragments and a few whole clam shells have parts of the 
margin worn, probably from use as scrapers in tanning, pottery-making, or 
wood-working. Three half shells of EUiptio complanatus have an irregular 
hole broken through the side, the holes in each case being in about the same 
part of the shell; but the edges of none of the holes show signs of wearing. 
Clam shells similarly perforated, found in Ohio {See Mills, 3, Figure 31), 
were used as hoes, but our specimens are all too small and fragile to have 
been used for that purpose. Harrington (3:270) suggests that perhaps 
such perforated shells were “ strung together to form rattles.” Eight other 
shells of the same species of clam were used in some operation that wore 
down the sides and umbonic region until in a few cases a large hole appeared ; 
perhaps they were used as pottery smoothers. Shells of other species of 
clams, similarly worn, have been found in Neutral sites in southwestern 
Ontario and at early Huron sites in Victoria countv {See author, 3, Plate 
VII, figures a, b). 
A pottery fragment, with the two longer edges ground smooth, is seen 
in Plate XVII, figure 20, but what the form and use of this specimen would 
have been v T hen completed can only be conjectured. 
