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CUTTING 
Cutting can be seen on a large number of pieces of bone and antler in 
process of manufacture, and the appearance of a few of the finished arti- 
facts shows that parts of them were shaped by cutting. Cuts apparently 
made with a knife are seen on many bone and antler and a few shell 
objects, some of them in process of manufacture. The cuts on one of the 
bone specimens are distinctly striate, suggesting that the knife used in 
cutting was chipped from stone. A piece of partly carbonized wood, found 
in the spring, was cut off almost squarely at one end. Flakes of chert and 
sharp pieces of quartz crystals, points for arrows chipped from stone 
(Plate I, figure 5) , beaver tooth knives, and knives made of bear canines 
(Plate XIV, figures 2 and 3} may have been used in cutting. 
CUTTING OR SCORING AND BREAKING 
To separate a piece of bone and antler it was in many cases first 
deeply cut or scored around the circumference, which weakened it to such 
an extent as to permit it to be easily broken. Sharp-edged chips of chert 
or quartz crystals and some of the arrow-points and knife blades inay have 
been used to do some of the scoring. Some of the cuts are wide and deep and 
look as if they had been made by sawing with a blunt-edged piece of gritty 
stone. Many pieces of bone and antler show evidence of having been 
severed by this process. Most of the hollow bone and the cone-shaped 
antler arrow-points had the larger end removed by this method of cutting. 
Transverse cutting and breaking can also be seen on some of the unfinished 
bone fish-hooks, on many of the hollow bone beads, one of them having an 
extra groove around the middle, probably to cut it in two (Plate XV, 
figure 11), and on a piece of marine shell (Cat. No. VIII-F-10305). The 
groove on the slab of stone in Plate XIV, figure 18, may have been made 
to separate the stone into two pieces, and the scoring around the ends of 
the shell bead in Plate XV, figure 10, suggests that the bead was in process 
of being shortened. Some of the pieces of bone show longitudinal cuts 
made with plough grinders, some of which, judging from the strise in the 
grooves, were made of gritty stone ; tools like the one in Plate XIV, figure 
19, may also have been used for the purpose. Longitudinal cuts can be 
seen on some of the blanks in process of manufacture into fish-hooks and 
on a bone awl (Cat. No. VIII-F-lOOOla). Several finished artifacts show 
evidence of having been fabricated from pieces of bone separated from the 
stock bone by longitudinal grooving and breaking. 
chipping 
Although chipping is one of the most common processes in the. lithic 
industries of the Indians, very few of the artifacts found here show evidence 
of having been chipped into shape. Chipping can be seen on the points 
for arrows and knives in Plate I, figures 1-7; on five scraper blades, one 
of which is seen in Plate XIV, figure 20; on some of the axes and adzes of 
stone ; on pieces of stone and bone in process of manufacture into artifacts ; 
and on the basal edge of a harpoon point. Pitted hammerstones with 
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