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peripheral abrasions were probably used to do the rougher chipping on 
some of the larger specimens. There are no tools corresponding to the 
antler punches from Iroquoian sites elsewhere in Ontario (See author, 1, 
Figures 33, 34) and in New York (See Beauchamp, 4, Figures 53, 90, 91, 
and 96) presumably used to do the finer chipping on small projectile points; 
the scars near the tip of a few antler tines, however, may be the result of 
flaking by pressure. 
PECKING OR BRUISING 
The irregularities on chipped and other rough pieces of stone selected 
for manufacture into implements were removed by pecking or bruising 
with either angular pieces of rock or hammerstones like the one seen in 
Plate XIV, figure 17. The marks of pecking on all but one of the stone 
implements have been obliterated by the rubbing or grinding process. 
Some of the unfinished stone adzes, one of which is seen in Plate XIV, 
figure 16, show evidence of this process. 
SCRAPING 
Evidences of scraping, probably with sharp-edged pieces of chert or 
quartz crystal, can be seen on some of the pieces of antler in process of 
manufacture into artifacts; on some of the cone-shaped antler points for 
arrows, on six bone blanks in process of manufacture into fish-hooks, on 
the antler tools in Plate XVII, figures 25 and 27, and on the stone object 
in Plate XVII, figure 17. There is no doubt that wooden dishes like that 
in text Figure 4, and perhaps larger vessels, were hollow r ed by burning and 
then scraping out the charred parts; scrapers like those seen in Plate XIV, 
figure 20, clam shells, chisels made of beaver incisors, and some of the 
stone adze blades probably being used in the process. 
RUBBING OR GRINDING 
Most of the stone artifacts formed by chipping and pecking, and 
objects of bone, antler, teeth, and shell were rubbed into shape, probably 
on the pieces of rock described under “ Whetstones.” Many artifacts show 
evidence of this process. 
POLISHING 
Fine-grained wdietstones or pieces of buckskin were probably used in 
polishing, although some of the objects, especially those used as tools, 
probably received their polish through constant usage. Artifacts with 
polished surfaces comprise a few hollow bone and cone-shaped antler points 
for arrows, bone harpoon points, stone, shell, and bone beads, a wapiti 
tooth, a few flattened deer phalanges, an unfinished slate gorget and other 
gorgets made of human skull, stone and earthenware pipes, and a few 
pieces of pottery. 
DRILLING 
A large number of artifacts have holes that appear to have been 
drilled, although, as mentioned on page 49, no drill points were found. 
It is possible, however, that some of the more slender chert points for 
arrows, like those in Plate I, figures 1 and 3, may have been used for the 
