115 
or near refuse deposit 2; two in deposit 11; two in deposit 15; one in 
deposit 4; one in 5; one in 13; three in 19; and the rest were scattered. Most 
of the graves were inside the palisade. Forty-six were in areas covered 
with refuse. 1 Three of these (Nos. 1, 2, and 32) were in the clean yellow 
sand with ashes and refuse over them, but with nothing to show whether 
they had been buried in the top of the sand and the refuse accumulated 
over them, or if they had been buried in a hole dug into the sand through 
the refuse, after all or only part of it had accumulated. Two (Nos. 18 and 
50) were in shallow excavations in the sand with refuse filling the holes, 
showing that they had been put in dug holes rather than on top of the 
sand, and that refuse instead of clean sand was present to cover them; 
but fifty-two, or more than half of all the skeletons found, were more or 
less deeply in the sand, with no refuse in the holes up to the level of the 
surrounding refuse, as if buried before refuse was present. In many 
cases there was no refuse above the sand filling of the graves, although 
any little that was over them may have become obscured by cultivation. 
Skeleton No. 27 was lying on a bed of ashes with ashes and refuse over 
it, and judging from its position near the edge of the dump at the bottom 
of the slope, was probably thrown down the hillside without any regard as 
to the position in which it lay. Skeleton No. 68 lay under a small patch 
of refuse and No. 58 was buried in a small pocket of black refuse. Some 
broken animal bones and carbonized kernels of corn were found on and 
mixed with the bones of skeleton No. 1, and fragments of pottery and animal 
bones were found among the bones of No, 2. Pottery fragments were 
lying on the skulls of Nos. 8 and 26, and pieces of charred corn-cobs and 
charcoal were found inside the skulls of Nos. 25 and 33. 
The soil above skeleton No. 59 was burnt to a brick-red 'and the 
upper parts of the bones w T ere scorched. This may have been done recently 
when burning stumps. 
What may be the remains of pieces of bark or a film of lime adhered to 
one of the tibise and some of the bones of the upper part of skeleton No. 49. 
Skeleton No. 29 had a roughly broken piece of limestone, about 10 
inches in diameter and 4 inches thick, with a smaller stone on top of it, at 
the back, and a weathered limestone slab, of about the same size as the 
larger piece, lying on the tibia. No. 59 also had a large stone lying at the 
back, and there were a number of smaller, burnt stones along the back 
of skeleton No. 56. A few small pieces of granite were lying on skeleton 
No. 52 and the skull lay on a slanting granite slab. 
The depths of the graves varied from 9 to 46 inches, as shown in detail 
in the accompanying table. 
Three double burials were found in refuse deposit 1 {See Map 1600), 
two of the groups being of children (Nos. 3 and 4, and Nos. 6 and 7), 
and the third was of women (Nos. 8 and 9, See Plate XIX, figure 3). The 
heads of Nos. 3 and 4 faced each other, and those of each of the other 
double burials were in opposite directions, that of No. 6 of one burial 
being northwest, whereas that of No. 7 was southeast, that of No. 8 was 
northeast, of No. 9 southwest. There were two triple burials, Nos. 71 to 73 
and 76 to 78 (*See Plate XIX, figure 4). Nos. 71 to 73 were badly dis- 
1 According to Dawson (3:73, 79) the graves at Hochelaga were also covered with refuse. 
