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IDENTITY OF THE INHABITANTS 
The archseological evidence indicates that the inhabitants of this site 
belonged to the Iroquoian stock. 1 The artifacts, especially the pottery 
and the pipes, are in many respects similar to those from the site of Hoche- 
laga and from sites in Jefferson county, New York; the former regarded 
as having been occupied by Mohawk 2 and the latter by Onondaga. 3 Both 
tribes are believed to have entered New York from the north; the Onondaga 
claiming that they came along the St. Lawrence (Beauchamp, 5:134, 137), 
and the Mohawk that they entered by way of lake Champlain (Beauchamp, 
5:135). The Oneida, according to Beauchamp (5:147), “came from the 
same direction as the Mohawk,” and their “ earlier homes seem to have 
been on either side of the St. Lawrence, in the vicinity of the Oswegatchie 
river,” which is about 8 miles south of Roebuck. 
Considering that the Roebuck site culture is like that represented at 
both Mohawk and Onondaga sites, it is possible that the Grenville group 
of sites was occupied before the Mohawk, Oneida, and Onondaga became 
separated into the present different tribes. 
DISTRIBUTION OF SITES OF THE SAME CULTURE 
(Editor's Note: This portion of the report has been paraphrased to 
eliminate detailed site locations in the interests of their conservation.) 
There are six other village sites in Grenville county of the 
same culture as the Roebuck site. One is in Augusta tp., and five are 
in Edwardsburgh, the township adjoining Augusta to the east. Three are 
extensive like the Roebuck site, and so far as can be judged by surface 
indications, about as rich in aboriginal remains. 
Other village sites, also of the same culture, were located by 
the author in 1914 in the St. Lawrence Valley for some distance above 
and below Grenville county: one in North Marysburgh tp,. Prince Edward co . ; 
one in Sidney tp., Hastings co.; one in Osnabruck tp., Stormont co.; and 
one in Char lottenburgh tp.. Glengarry co. , Ontario. The sites of the 
same culture in Quebec include that of Hochelaga, in the city of Montreal; 
a site near Lanoraic, Berthier county, about 40 miles east of Montreal; 
one in Eardley township, Hull county, about 30 miles northwest of Ottawa; 
and one near St. Regis, Huntingdon county. Material from Jefferson county. 
New York, described and illustrated by Beauchamp (2 and 3:passim) and 
Skinner (4:121-171, and Plates XXI-XXXVII), and from Vermont (Perkins, 3), 
indicates the presence of sites of the same culture there. 
'Readers not familiar with archseological methods may wonder why the remains from this site are classed as 
Iroquoian. It is possible to learn this by comparing the artifacts from a site of unknown origin with those from 
historic sites known to have been occupied by an Iroquoian people. Thus, wo have definite historical evidence 
that Simcoe county, Ontario, was inhabited by Hurons, a tribe of the Iroquoian family, who lived there for at least 
forty years after they came into contact with Europeans. Although glass beads, brass kettles, and iron axes of 
European origin are found on many of these Huron sites, many articles of native manufacture, especially pottery, are 
also found, and these constitute the chief criteria for the identification of prehistoric sites of the same people in the 
same area, or contiguous areas. The pottery, pipes, and some other artifacts from the Roebuck site being similar 
to those from sites known to have been inhabited by Hurons in historical times, are, therefore, easily identified as 
of Iroquoian origin. 
i See Lighthall, 1, and Beauchamp, 6:110; Skinner (4: 24-25), on the other hand, seems to have considered the 
inhabitants Onondaga. 
*See Skinner, loc. cit., and Harrington, 5:339. 
