122 
The group of village sites in Grenville county may have been con- 
temporaneous, with little or no difference in culture. 1 Beauchamp says the 
Onondaga “ had generally one large and small village at a time, and this 
was the case with the Oneida,” and that “ the Mohawk commenced with 
two, but soon had three or four ” (1:77). Perhaps, too, they were occupied 
successively, one village after another being abandoned for a new and more 
desirable location, as was the practice of the Iroquois. The Huron and 
Neutral are known to have removed their villages every five, ten, fifteen, 
or twenty years, from one to three or more leagues, when the land became 
exhausted by cultivation. The New York Iroquois removed their villages 
“every ten or twelve years” (Beauchamp, 2:87). 
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 
The culture of the Roebuck site may here be briefly characterized. 
The people subsisted on vegetable foods derived from both wild and culti- 
vated plants (the latter including corn, beans, sunflowers, and squashes) 
and on the flesh of wild animals. The flesh of dogs and even human beings 
appears to have been eaten, but probably only ceremonially. Rocks and 
minerals occurring locally, and others brought from a distance, were used 
as material for artifacts and paint. Materials of animal origin — bones, 
antlers, and teeth — were extensively used, and a few objects, are derived 
from freshwater and marine shells. Artifacts used in securing food by 
hunting and fishing consist of a few arrow-points chipped from stone and 
many others made of bone and antler; unilaterally and bilaterally barbed 
bone" and antler points for harpoons or fish-spears; and barbed bone fish- 
hooks. As is to be expected of a corn-growing people, there was an abund- 
ance of both stationary and portable stone mortars and stone mullers or 
grinding stones. Methods of producing fire are suggested by the presence 
of pieces of iron pyrites and a perforated wooden disk resembling that on 
modern Iroquois fire drills. The pottery, mostly in fragments, suggests 
that the people here were proficient in its manufacture. Although round- 
bottomed like most pottery of northeastern North America, most of it is 
characterized by an extreme development and elaboration of the rim and 
the presence of occasional handles; in the latter respect the pottery marks 
an advance on that of most tribes of the Western Group of Iroquois and 
even that of the Hochelagans. The ware is less friable than that from 
Algonkian sites in Canada generally and from Neutral sites; there is also 
iThe material from the other sites in Grenville county, seen in local collections, did not differ from that of Roe- 
back; intensive exploration, however, might reveal differences. 
