KEY TO FAMILIES 
125 
II. THE LAND BIRDS 
Order X. Galiinse. — Turkeys, Grouse, Bob-whites, etc. 
Terrestrial, scratching birds of henlike form; 
bill stout and short, its culmen rounded (Fig. 
44); wings short and rounded, the primaries 
stiffened and producing a whirring sound in 
flight; tail variable, feet strong, hind-toe short, 
elevated. 
A. Smaller than a Turkey. 
a. Tarsus unfeathered. . . . Family Odon - 
tophoridce: Bob -whites and New 
World Quails, p. 269. 
b. Tarsus more or less feathered . . . Family Tetraonidce: Grouse. 
Ptarmigans, etc., p. 272. 
B. Size of a Turkey. . . . Family Meleagridce: Turkeys, p. 278. 
Fig. 44. 
Order XI. Columbse. — Pigeons and Doves. 
Toes four, all on the same level ; the hind-toe about 
as long as the shortest front one; bill (Fig. 45)^^^^^- 
slender, deeply grooved, the nostrils opening in a 
soft, fleshy membrane. 
Characters those of the Order. . . . Family 
Columbidce: Pigeons and Doves, p. 281 Fig. 45 
Fig. 46. 
Order XII. Raptores. — Vultures, Hawks, and Owls. 
Generally large birds with hooked bill; feet strong with long curved 
nails. (Fig. 46.) 
A. Eyes set in a feathered disk (Figs. 47, 48), tarsus generally 
feathered; plumage soft and fluffy. 
a. Middle-toe with a comblike edge. . . Family Aluconidoc. 
Barn Owls, p. 308. 
Fig. 47. Fig. 48. 
