130 
KEY TO FAMILIES 
Family 8. Hirundinidce . — Swallows (Fig. 66). 
Bill short and flattened, much wider 
than high at the base; no bristles at 
the base of the bill; wings long and 
pointed, tips, when closed, generally 
reaching beyond the end of the tail; 
first primary the longest; outer tail- 
feathers longest; feet small, tarsus short, 
round in front, narrower and sharper 
in the back, p. 415. 
Family 9. Bombycillidce. — Wax- 
wings (Fig. 67). 
Plumage generally soft, brownish 
gray or grayish brown; a black 
band across the forehead and 
through the eyes ; tail tipped with 
yellow ; bill short, notched at the 
tip; head conspicuously crested, 
p. 420. 
Family 10. Laniidce . — Shrikes (Fig. 68). 
Grayish birds, 8'00-9'00 in length, most of the 
tail-feathers tipped with white; bill hooked and 
hawklike, p. 422. 
Family 11. Vireondice . — ViREOS.(Fig. 69). 
Small birds, 5’00-7'00 in length, with generally olive-green backs; tail- 
feathers without white spots ; bill rather 
stout, higher than broad at the base, 
the tip of the upper 
mandible notched and 
hooked, bristles at the 
base of the bill barely 
evident; tarsi scaled, 
round in front, nar- 
rower and sharper 
behind ; toes united at 
the base, p. 424. 
Family 12. Mnioliltidce . — Wood War- 
blers (Fig. 70). 
Small birds, length generally under 
6*00, but in four species 6‘50-7’50, 
with, as a rule, brightly colored plum- 
age, olive-green or yellow being the 
most frequent; bill various, never 
notched at the tip, usually slender and 
sharply pointed, without conspicuous 
bristles, but sometimes flattened and 
broader than high at the base, when 
the bristles are evident (thus resem- 
bling the bill of a true Flycatcher, but 
the back of the tarsus is always thin 
