PELICANS 
183 
ers; a tuft of black feathers on either side of the head; a few white ones over 
the eye. Ads. in winter. — Similar, but without tufts on the head. Im. — Top 
of the head and back of the neck blackish brown; upper back, scapulars, 
and wing-coverts brownish gray, each feather margined with black; rump 
glossy black; sides of the head and foreneck grayish white, whiter on the 
breast and changing gradually to black on the lower belly. L., 30'00; W., 
12*50; T m 6-20; B., 2-30. 
Range. — E. N. Am. Breeds from cen. Sask. (casually Great Slave 
Lake), s. Keewatin, ne. Que., and N. F. s. to n. Utah, S. D., s. Minn., and 
Penobscot Bay, Maine; winters from N. C., (casually Mass.), s. to Gulf 
coast; casual in Bermuda. 
Washington, casual, several records. Long Island, common T. V., in fall, 
Aug. 26-Nov. 5; Apl. 20-May 15. Ossining, A. V., June. Cambridge, casual, 
one instance, Sept. N. Ohio, casual T. V. 
Nest, of sticks, seaweed, etc., on the ledges of cliffs, in trees or bushes, 
or on the ground. Eggs, 2-4, similar in color to those of the preceding, 
2"40 x 1‘40. Date, s. Lab., June 19; se. Minn., May 7. 
This is the common Cormorant of the middle Eastern States. We 
see it chiefly as migrant when in flocks of varying size it passes far 
overhead, or pauses to rest on our shores. In migrating the flock 
is formed in a long line, comparatively few birds deep. On the wing they 
bear a general resemblance to large Ducks or to Geese. 
1894. Mackay, G. H., Auk, XI, 18-25 (habits in It. I.). — 1911. Smith, 
F., Auk, XXVIII, 16-19 .(breeding in Ills.). 
120a. P. a. fioridanus ( Aud .). Florida Cormorant. Resembles 
the preceding species in color, but is smaller. W., 12’00; T., 5*50; B., 2T0. 
. Range. — Subtropical and temperate N. Am. Breeds from s. Ills., La., N. 
C., Bahamas, and Cuba s. to British Honduras and Yucatan; winters n. 
to Tex. and S. C.; wanders to the Dismal Swamp, Va. 
Nest , in bushes or trees, preferably mangroves or cypresses. Eggs , like 
those of preceding. Date , Walkulla, Fla., Mch. 20. 
This is an abundant bird on the Florida coast and westward along 
the shores of the Gulf. Almost every buoy in the harbors of Florida 
is capped by a Cormorant. 
121. Phalaeroeorax vigua mexicanus {Brandt). Mexican Cor- 
morant. Scapulars and wing-coverts pointed. Resembling P. auritus but 
smaller, and feathers above more pointed. Ads. in breeding plumage with 
pouch and face bordered posteriorly by white. L., 25*00; W., 10'25; B., 1*80. 
Range. — New Mex., Kans., and s. Ills. s. to Gulf of Mex., Bahamas, 
Cuba, Mex., and Nicaraugua. 
13. Family Pelecaniml Pelicans. (Fig. 29.) 
The ten known species of Pelicans are distributed throughout the 
warmer parts of the world. Three species are North American, of 
which two are exclusively maritime and are found on our southern 
coasts, while the third nests well to the north, in the interior, and win- 
ters on the seacoasts southward. Pelicans are gregarious and nest in 
colonies. Their flight is strong but leisurely, six or seven wing-strokes 
being followed by a short sail, all the members of a flock flapping and 
sailing in unison. They often mount to great heights, there to soar 
