GEESE 
213 
The Bean Goose ( 171-1 Anser fabalis ) and the Pink-footed Goose 
( 171.2 Anser brachyrhynchus) , Old World species, have been recorded from 
Greenland. 
172. Branta canadensis canadensis {Linn.). Canada Goose. Ads. 
— Throat and a large patch on side of head behind eye white or whitish; 
chin and rest of head and neck black; back and wings grayish brown, more 
or less edged with lighter; tail and shorter upper tail-coverts black, longer 
and lateral ones white; breast and belly grayish, fading to white on lower 
belly; sides like back. Im. — Similar, but throat and cheeks sometimes 
mixed with blackish. “L., 35*00-43*00; W., 15*60-21*00; Tar., 2*45-3*70; 
B., 1*55-2*70” (Ridgw.). 
Range. — N. A. Breeds from limit of trees in valley of the lower Yukon, 
nw. Mackenzie, and cen. Keewatin s. to s. Ore., n. Colo., Nebr ; , and Ind.; 
formerly bred casually s. to N. M., Kans., Tenn., and Mass.; winters from 
s. B. C., s. Colo., s. Wise., s. Ills., and N. J. (rarely s. Ont. and N. F.), s. to 
s. Calif., Tex., and Fla.; accidental in Bermuda and Jamaica. 
Washington, W. Y. and rather common T. V., Oct.-Apl. Long Island., 
common T. V., Feb. 27-Apl. 28; Oct. 1-Dec. 31; some W. V. Ossining, 
tolerably common T. V., Mch. 11-May 21 ; Oct. Cambridge, not uncommon 
T. V., Mch.-Apl. ; Nov. 1-30. N. Ohio, not common T. V., Mch. 1-30. Glen 
Ellyn, W. V., quite common in spring, Oct. 17-May 5. SE. Minn., T. V., 
Feb. 10. 
Nest, on the ground, often on an island, of twigs, grasses, or reeds and 
large quantity of down. Eggs, 4-7, white. Date, Kossuth Co., Iowa, May 7, 
1883; Grant Co., Minn., Apl. 29, 1876. 
Probably the migration of no bird attracts more universal interest 
than that of the Wild Goose. Ornithologists talk of “waves” and 
“flights” of migrants passing in the night, but the semiannual pilgrimage 
of the Canada Goose appeals to us all with the directness of a per- 
sonal experience. We see the living wedge of long-necked birds pass- 
ing high overhead; the unbroken sound-waves bring the sonorous 
“honks” with unexpected distinctness to our ears; and we receive an 
impressive lesson in the migration of birds. They are embarked on a 
journey of several thousand miles, but they come and go as surely as 
though they carried chart and compass. 
1910. Phillips, J. C., Auk, XXVII, 263-271 ; XXVIII, 319-323 (migra- 
tion in Mass.). 
172a. B. c. Imtchinsi {Rich.). Hutchins’s Goose. Resembles 
the preceding in color, but averages smaller. L., 25*00-34*00; W., 14*75- 
17*75; Tar., 2*25-3*20; B., 1*20-1*90 (Ridgw.). 
Range. — W. N. Am. Breeds from Kowak Valley, Alaska, and from 
mouth of Mackenzie e. along Arctic shores and islands from lat. 70° s. to 
Melville Peninsula and nw. Hudson Bay; winters from B. C., Nev., Colo., 
and Mo., s. to San Rafael in L. Calif., Tex., and La.; accidental in Vera 
Cruz; in migration rare e. of the Miss. Valley but recorded on the Atlantic 
coast from Maine to Va. 
Long Island, A. V. 
172c. B. c. minima Ridgw. Cackling Goose. To be distinguished 
from the two preceding by its smaller size and the much darker brownish 
gray color of the breast and upper belly. “W., 13*60-14*50; Tar., 2*40-2*75; 
B., *95-1*15” (Ridgw.). 
Range. — W. N. Am. Breeds in w. Aleutians and from Norton Sound 
s. to n. coast of Alaska Peninsula; winters from B. C. s. to San Diego Co., 
Calif.; casual e. to Colo., Iowa, Wise., and Ills. 
