244 
SNIPES AND SANDPIPERS 
2 . 
B. Wing under 5°75. 
a. Underparts white, with numerous round blackish spots; upper- 
parts brownish gray, barred with blackish. 
263. Spotted Sandpiper. 
I Underparts white, breast streaked with blackish; upperparts fus- 
cous, spotted with white . . . 256. Solitary Sandpiper. 
c. Underparts tinged with buffy, inner web of outer primary speckled 
with blackish 262. Buff-breasted Sandpiper. 
d. Underparts white, breast washed with grayish, inner primaries 
and secondaries with a concealed white patch. 
263. Spotted Sandpiper (Im.). 
Tail without cross-bars. 
A. Toes 4. 
a . Bill over 1T0. 
a 1 . Middle upper tail-coverts with cross-bars or streaks. 
a 2 . Tarsus over 1*50 233. Stilt Sandpiper. 
a 3 . Tarsus under 1*50, wing under 6*00 244. Curlew Sandpiper. 
a 4 . Tarsus under 1*50, wing over 6*00 234. Knot. 
5 1 . Middle upper tail-coverts without cross-bars or streaks. 
6 2 . Middle upper tail-coverts black or fuscous, without bars; bill 
straight. 
6 3 . Tarsus under 1*50; upperparts blackish, more or less mar- 
gined with gray 235. Purple Sandpiper. 
b 4 . Tarsus under 1*50; upperparts more or less margined with 
rufous 239. Pectoral Sandpiper. 
6 5 . Tarsus over 1*50 260. Ruff. 
c 2 . Middle upper tail-coverts grayish, bill curved slightly down- 
ward . 243a. Red-backed Sandpiper. 
b. Bill under 1*10. 
b l . Wing under 4*00. 
b 2 . Toes partly webbed. 
246. Semipalmated Sandpiper. 247. Western Sandpiper. 
6 3 . Toes not webbed 242. Least Sandpiper. 
c 1 . Wing over 4*00. 
c 2 . Inner webs of primaries plain. 
c 3 . Breast white or whitish, streaked or spotted with blackish; 
middle upper tail-coverts white . 
240. White-rumped Sandpiper. 
c 4 . Breast buffy, heavily spotted or streaked with blackish ; mid- 
dle upper tail-coverts black, slightly margined with rufous. 
239. Pectoral Sandpiper. 
c 5 . Breast buffy lightly spotted or streaked with black; middle 
upper tail-coverts fuscous, lightly margined with buffy. 
241. Baird’s Sandpiper. 
d 2 . Inner webs of primaries speckled. 
262. Buff-breasted Sandpiper. 
B. Toes 3 248. Sanderling. 
228. Philohela minor (Gmel.). American Woodcock. (PI. VIII. Figs. 
11, 15.) . Ads . — Front of crown slaty, washed with buff, an indistinct black- 
ish line in its center, and another from eye to bill ; back of head black, with 
two or three bars of ochraceous-buff ; rest of upperparts black, mar- 
gined with slaty and barred and mottled with rufous or ochraceous-buff ; tip 
of tail ashy gray above, silvery beneath; underparts between ochraceous 
buff and rufous; outer three primaries very narrow and much stiffened. 
L., 11*00; W., 5*40; Tar., 1*25; B., 2*90. 
Range. — E. N. Am. Breeds from ne. N. D., s. Man., n. Mich., s. Que. 
and N. S. s. to s. Kans., s. La., and n. Fla.; winters from s. Mo., the Ohio 
Valley, and s. N. J. (rarely Mass.) s. to Tex. and s. Fla.; ranges casually to 
Sask., Keewatin, Colo., N. F., and Bermuda. 
