270 
AMERICAN QUAIL 
Some are strikingly unlike our bird with which, however, they have 
been shown by Nelson to be connected by a number of intergrading 
races. All, so far as I am aware, have the characteristic “bob- white” 
call, and I have even heard this note uttered by the Black-throated 
Bob-white of Yucatan and Crested Bob-white of Colombia, both 
members of a different genus (Eupsychortyx) . Voice is here, therefore, 
evidently more stable than color. 
1897. Elliot, D. G., Gallinaceous Game-Birds of North America, 8vo, 
220; plls. 46. (Francis Harper.) — 1900. Dwight, J., Jr., The Moult of 
North American Tetraonidse, Auk, XVII, 34-51; 143-166. — 1902. Sandys, 
E. and VanDyke, T. S., Upland Game Birds, 8vo. 429; plls. 9 (Macmillan). 
— 1903. Huntington, D. W., Our Feathered Game, 8vo. 396; plls. 37. 
—1907. Rich, W. H., Feathered Game of the Northeast, 8vo. 430; plls. 87. 
KEY TO THE SPECIES 
I. Tarsi bare .... 289. Bob-white. 289a. Florida Bob-white. 
II. Tarsi not bare. 
1. Toes bare. 
A. Upper third or half of tarsi feathered. 
300. Ruffed Grouse. 300a. Canada Ruffed Grouse. 
B. Tarsi entirely feathered. 
a. With bunches of elongated, stiffened feathers springing from 
either side of the neck. 305. Prairie Hen. 306. Heath Hen. 
b. Feathers of neck normal. 
b l . Outer web of primaries spotted with white. 
3085. Prairie Sharp-tailed Grouse and subsp. 
b 2 . Primaries not spotted with white . . Spruce Partridges. 
2. Tarsi and toes entirely feathered Ptarmigans. 
289. Colimus Virginian ns virginianus {Linn.). Bob-white. Ad. in 
winter. — Upperparts varying from reddish brown to chestnut; interscapulars 
with broken and sometimes complete black bars; inner vane of tertials 
widely margined with cream-buff ; rump grayish brown, finely mottled, and 
with a few streaks of blackish; tail ashy gray, the inner feathers finely 
mottled with buffy; front of crown, a band from bill to beneath eye, and a 
band on upper breast black ; throat an,d a broad line from bill over eye white ; 
sides rufous-chestnut, margined with black and white; lower breast and 
belly white barred with black. Ad. $ in winter. — Similar, but the throat 
and line over the eye, forehead, and lores pale ochraceous-buff ; little or no 
black on the upper breast. Summer examples of both sexes have the crown 
blacker, the buffy markings generally paler. L., lO'OO; W., 4*50; T., 2*50; 
B. from N., *35. 
Range. — Upper Sonoran and s. half of Transition zones of e. N. A. 
from S. D., s. Minn., s. Ont., and sw. Maine s. to e. and n. Tex., the Gulf 
coast, and n. Fla., w. to e. Colo; introduced in cen. Colo., N. M., Utah, 
Idaho, Calif., Ore., and Wash. 
Washington, common P. R. Ossining, common P. R. Cambridge, 
P. R., sometimes abundant. N. Ohio, not common P. R. Glen Ellyn, rare 
P. R. SE. Minn., common P. R. 
Nest, of grasses, usually arched, on the ground in bushy field borders, 
etc. Eggs, 10-18, white, conical, 1*20 x ‘95. Date, Charleston, S. C., May 
22; Shelter Is., N. Y., June 2; Cambridge, June 20; Licking Co., Ohio., 
May 22; Mitchell Bay, Ont., June 5; se. Minn., June 17. 
Taking the Old-World species of the genera Coturnix and Caccabis 
as the types respectively of Quails and Partridges, neither of these lat- 
