HAWKS, EAGLES, AND KITES 
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b. Wing over 10*00. 
b 1 . Second primary longest. 
b 2 . Tail generally over 9*00. 
b 3 . Lower tail-coverts immaculate white. 
353. White Gyrfalcon. 
b 4 . Lower tail-coverts always more or less marked with dusky. 
354. Gray Gyrfalcon and Races. 
c 2 . Tail under 9*00. 
c 3 . Tarsus shorter than middle-toe without nail, upperparts 
blackish 356. Duck Hawk. 
c 4 . Tarsus longer than middle-toe without nail, upperparts 
brownish 355. Prairie Falcon. 
c 1 . Third or fourth primary longest. 
c 2 . Upper tail-coverts white 331. Marsh Hawk. 
c 3 . Upper tail-coverts brownish .... 334. Goshawk (Im.). 
B. Outer primary generally one color, base sometimes whitish or with 
a few imperfect bars. 
a. Tarsus entirely bare, scales on its front large, rounded.- 
362. Audubon’s Caracara. 
b. Tarsus not entirely bare. 
6 1 . Tarsus entirely feathered . . 348. Ferruginous Rough-leg. 
c 1 . Tarsus partly feathered. 
c 2 . Scales on front of tarsus, small, rounded . . . 364. Osprey. 
d 2 . Scales on tarsus not rounded, square. 
d 3 . Three outer primaries emarginate or “notched.”* 
d 4 . Wing under 12*00. . 343. Broad-winged Hawk (Im.). 
d b . Wing over 12*00. . . . 342. Swainson’s Hawk (Im.). 
e 3 . Four outer primaries emarginate or “notched. ”f 
e 4 . Upper tail-coverts pure white . . 331. Marsh Hawk. 
e 5 . Upper tail-coverts not pure white; wing under 13*50; lesser 
wing-coverts conspicuously margined with rufous. 
339. Red-shouldered Hawk (Im.). 
e 6 . Upper tail-coverts not pure white; wing over 13*50; lesser 
wing-coverts not conspicuously margined with rufous. 
337. Red-tailed Hawk and races. 
2 Underparts with more or less numerous cross-bars. 
A. Front of tarsus with sharply defined scales. 
a. Scales on front of the tarsus numerous, rounded. 
a 1 . Wing under 15*00 356. Duck Hawk. 
a 2 . Wing over 15*00 362. Audubon’s Caracara 
b. Scales on front of the tarsus sharply defined, transverse, more or less 
square. 
b 1 . Four or five outer primaries emarginate or “notched.” f 
b 2 . Tail white at the base and tipped with whitish. 
330. Everglade Kite. 
b 3 . Tail rufous, with sometimes a black band near the end. 
337. Red-tailed Hawk (Ad.) and Races. 
b 4 . Tail black or blackish, with four to six white or grayish cross- 
bars 339. Red-shouldered Hawk (Ad.). 
339a. Florida Red-shouldered Hawk (Ad.). 
5 5 . Tail 10*00 long, gray, with several indistinct blackish bands. 
334. Goshawk. 
c 1 . Three outer primaries emarginate or “notched.”* 
c 2 . Tail with two or three broad whitish bars. 
343. Broad-winged Hawk (Ad.). 
c 3 . Tail with numerous narrow, indistinct blackish bars. 
342. Swainson’s Hawk (Ad.). 
f See Fig. 87. 
* See Fig. 88. 
