WOODPECKERS 
323 
B. Throat white. 
а. Breast and belly black . . 405, 405a. Pileated Woodpecker d\ 
б. Breast black or blackish, sides streaked, belly yellowish white. 
402. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker $. 
c. Underparts tinged with red, without streaks or spots. 
409. Red-bellied Woodpecker <?. 
2. Crown black, brown or gray, a red band across the nape, a red crest on 
the back of the head, or small patches of red on either side of the nape. 
A. Underparts largely or wholly black, wing over 8*00. 
a. Bill ivory-white .... 392. Ivory -billed Woodpecker 
b. Bill blackish 405, 405a. Pileated Woodpecker $. 
B. Underparts not largely black; wing under 8’ 00. 
a. Underparts more or less spotted or streaked with black. . 
a 1 . A black patch on the breast, throat brown, rump white. 
412, 412a. Flicker. 
a 2 . Head black, ear-coverts white, a few red feathers on either side 
of the nape . . . 395. Red-cockaded Woodpecker d”. 
b. Underparts white, or whitish, without black streaks or spots. 
b l . Crown gray, a reddish tinge on the belly. 
409. Red-bellied Woodpecker 9. 
c 1 . Crown black. 
c 2 . Outer tail-feathers barred with black. 
394. Downy Woodpecker and races <?. 
c 3 . Outer tail-feathers white. 393. Hairy Woodpecker and races cf. 
392. Campephilus principalis {Linn.). Ivory-billed Woodpecker. 
Ad. d 1 . — Upperparts shining black, a large scarlet crest; a white stripe 
begins below the eye and, passing down the side of the neck, meets its 
fellow in the middle of the back; ends of the inner primaries and the end 
half or two-thirds of the secondaries white; outer tail-feathers very short, 
the central ones elongated and much stiffened; bristles over the nostrils 
white; bill ivory-white; underparts shining black. Ad. $. — Similar, but 
with the crest black. L., 20*00; W., 10*00; T., 6*50; B., 2*75. 
Range. — Formerly S. Atlantic and Gulf States from Tex., to N. C., n. 
in Miss. Valley to Okla., Mo., s. Ills., and s. Ind. ; now restricted to the lower 
Miss. Valley and Gulf States, and of local distribution. 
Nest, usually in a cypress over 40 feet up; entrance oval. Eggs, white, 
3-5, “1*37 x *99” (Bendire). Date, Tarpon Springs, Fla., Mch. 17, one- 
third grown; Lafayette Co., Fla., Apl. 19. 
The home of this magnificent Woodpecker is in the almost limit- 
less cypress forests of our southern coasts and river valleys. Even there 
it is common in but few localities. In Florida it is found chiefly in the 
western part of the peninsula, and doubtless occurs in greatest numbers 
in the region between the Suwanee River and the Gulf. 
The Ivory-bill is a wild, shy bird. It does not remain long in one 
place, and during the day ranges over an extended territory. Its call 
is a high, rather nasal, yap, yap-yap , sounding in the distance like the 
note of a penny trumpet. 
1891. Hasbrouck, E. M., Auk, VIII, 174-186 (dist.). — 1900. Beyer; 
G. G., Auk, XVII, 97-99 (nesting). 
393. Dryobates villosus villosus {Linn.). Hairy Woodpecker. (Fig. 
54a.) Ad. cf. — Upperparts black; scarlet band on the nape; middle of 
the back white; wing-feathers and their coverts spotted with white; middle 
tail-feathers black, the outer ones white; a white stripe above and another 
below the eye; underparts white. Ad. 9 . — Similar, but without scarlet on 
the back of the neck. L., 9*40; W., 4*78; T., 3*30; B., 1*22. 
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