326 WOODPECKERS 
$. — Similar, but without orange-yellow on the crown. L., 9*50; W., 5*10; 
T., 3*40; B. from N., *98. 
Range. — Canadian zone s. to the Sierra Nevada of Calif, and mts. of 
Nev., Idaho, Wyo., S. D. (Black Hills), Minn., Mich., n. N. Y., Yt., N. H., 
and Maine, casual in winter to Nebr., Ills., Ohio, Mass., and Conn. 
Cambridge, one record. N. Ohio, rare W. V. SE. Minn., rare. 
Nest, in a tree usually not over 15 feet up. Eggs, 4-6, white, 1*05 x *78. 
Date , Seventh Lake, Fulton Chain, N. Y., May 27. 
“It is a restless, active bird, spending its time generally on the 
topmost branches of the tallest trees, without, however, confining itself 
to pines. Although it can not be called shy, its habitual restlessness 
renders it difficult of approach. Its movements resemble those of the 
Red-cockaded Woodpecker, but it is still more petulant than that 
bird. ... Its cries also somewhat resemble those of the species above 
mentioned, but are louder and more shrill, like those of some small 
quadruped suffering great pain. . . . 
“Its flight is rapid, gliding, and deeply undulating. ... Now and 
then it will fly from a detached tree of a field to a considerable dis- 
tance before it alights, emitting at every glide a loud, shrill note” 
(Audubon) . 
401. Picoides americanus americanus Brehm. Three-toed Wood- 
pecker. Ad. d\ — Toes three, two in front; head spotted with white and with 
an orange-yellow patch on the crown; back barred with black and white; 
wing-feathers spotted with black and white; middle tail-feathers black; 
outer ones black and white; region below the eye mixed black and white; 
sides more or less barred with black and white; rest of the underparts 
white. Ad. 9 . — Similar, but crown spotted with black and white, and with- 
out yellow. L., 8*75; W., 4*55; T., 3*10; B. from N., *95. 
Range. — Boreal forests from cen. Ungava to n. Minn., s. Ont., n. N. Y., 
Maine, and N. H., casual in winter to Mass. 
Nest, in a tree usually not over 12 feet up. Eggs, white, ‘92 x ‘70 (Mer- 
riam, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club., Ill, 1878, 200). Date, Herkimer Co., N. Y., 
June 4. 
“It is said to greatly resemble P. [=D.] villosus in habits, except that 
it seeks its food principally upon decaying trees of the pine tribe, in 
which it frequently makes holes large enough to bury itself. It is not 
migratory” (B., B., and R.). 
402. Sphyrapieus varius varius (Linn.). Yellow-bellied Sap- 
sucker. Ad. d 1 . — Crown deep scarlet, back irregularly barred with black 
and yellowish white; wing-feathers spotted with white, their coverts mostly 
white; tail black, the middle feathers with broken black bars, the outer ones 
with white margins; a white line from the bill passes below the eye; throat 
cardinal; breast black; sides streaked with black; belly pale yellow. Ad. 9 . — 
Similar, but throat white; crown sometimes black; outer tail-feathers with 
broken white bars. 7m. — Similar to ads., but with the crown dull blackish, 
the breast brownish gray barred with black, the throat whitish. L., 8*56; 
W., 4*87; T., 3*20; B., *92. 
Range. — E. N. Am. Breeds in Canadian and upper parts of Alleghanian 
faunas, from sw. Mackenzie, cen. Keewatin, cen. Que., and Cape Breton 
Is. s. to cen. Alberta, n. Mo., n. Ind., n. Ohio, N. C. (mts.), and Mass. (mts. 
of n. Berkshire Co.); winters from Pa. and Ohio Valley (casually further n.) 
to the Gulf coast, Bahamas, Cuba, and Costa Rica; casual in Wyo. 
Washington, common T. V., Mch.-May; Sept, and Oct., occasional 
