FLYCATCHERS 
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a. Under wing-coverts yellowish, no white tip on the tail. 
445. Gray Kingbird. 
b. Under wing-.coverts blackish, tail tipped with white 444. Kingbird. 
B. Tail not tipped with white, no crown patch. 
a. Inner vane of tail-feathers pale rufous; throat and breast grayish; 
belly sulphur-yellow 452. Crested Flycatcher. 
b. Tail fuscous. 
b 1 . Entire bill black; wing rarely more than *50 longer than tail; 
tarsus decidedly longer than bill ; under tail-coverts always pale, 
yellowish white 456. Phcebe. 
c 1 . Under mandible generally in whole or part pale brownish; wing 
always more than “50 longer -than tail; tarsus about equal to 
bill; some of under tail-coverts frequently with darker centers. 
c 2 . Wing over 3*50; sides and breast, except a narrow whitish line 
through its center, of the same color as the back. 
459. Olive-sided Flycatcher* 
c 3 . Wing under 3*50; breast and sides washed with olive-gray. 
461. Wood Pewee. 
II. Wing under 3*00. 
A. Upperparts between olive-brown and dark olive-green, but with an 
evident brownish tinge, or lower mandible brownish. 
a. Wing over 2*60; lower mandible flesh-color or whitish; underparts 
with only a very slight tinge of yellow. 
466. Traill’s Flycatcher. 466a. Alder Flycatcher. 
b. Wing under 2*60; lower mandible rarely clear flesh-color, generally 
strongly tinged with brownish . . . 467. Least Flycatcher. 
B. Upperparts olive-green without a brownish tinge; lower mandible 
straw-color. 
a. First primary about equal to fifth ; underparts white, slightly washed 
with yellowish on the breast and belly; throat white. 
465. Acadian Flycatcher. 
b. First primary shorter than fifth; underparts sulphur-yellow; the 
throat and breast more or less washed with olive-green. 
463. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. 
444. Tyrannus tyrannus {Linn.). Kingbird. Ads. — Upperparts 
grayish slate-color, darker on the head and upper tail-coverts; head with a 
concealed orange-red crest; tail black, tipped with white; underparts white, 
washed with grayish on the breast. Im. — Similar, but without the crown 
patch, and with the plumage more or less tinged with ochraceous-buff. The 
male has two outer primaries deeply emarginate at the tip, the female 
usually only one, the immature bird, none. L., 8*51; W., 4*64; T., 3*55; B. 
from N., *55. 
Range. — N. and S. A. Breeds from s. B. C., s. Mackenzie, s. Keewatin, 
n. Ont., cen. Que., and N. F. s. to cen. Ore., n. N. M., cen. Tex., and cen. 
Fla.; winters from s. Mexico to Bolivia; casual in Cuba in migration; acci- 
dental in Greenland. 
Washington, common S. R., Apl. 18-Sept. 23. Ossining, common S. R., 
Apl. 29-Sept. 10. Cambridge, common S. R., May 5-Sept. 1. N. Ohio, 
common S. R., Apl. 20-Sept. 15. Glen Ellyn, fairly common S. R., Apl. 16- 
Sept. 6. SE. Minn., common S. R., Apl. 26-Aug. 31. 
Nest, compact and symmetrical, of weed-stalks, grasses, and moss, lined 
with plant-down, fine grasses, and rootlets, generally at the extremity of a 
branch 15-25 feet up. Eggs, 3-5, white, spotted with umber, 1*00 x ‘73. 
Date, White Sulphur Springs, Va., May 17; Cambridge, May 30; St. Louis, 
Mo., May 14, inc. adv.; se. Minn., May 14. 
The Kingbird is most frequently seen on a fence or dead twig on 
a tree, where leaves do not come in the way of his sight. He stands 
very upright, like a Hawk or an Owl, and, though as quiet as if he 
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