SWALLOWS 
417 
a broad spot or bar of white.” Ad. $ and im. &. — Similar to those of P. 
subis, but “whole under portion and sides of head and neck, chest, sides 
and flanks uniform sooty grayish brown, in marked contrast with pure 
white of belly, anal region, and under tail-coverts. L., 7*60; W., 5*50; 
T., 3*10” ( Ridgw .). 
Range. — Cuba; occasional or accidental in s. Florida. 
612. Petroehelidon lunifrons lunifrons (Say). Cliff Swallow. 
(Fig. 110.) Ads. — Forehead whitish, crown steel-blue, throat and sides of 
the head chestnut; a brownish gray ring around the neck; breast brownish 
gray, tinged with rufous and with a steel-blue patch in its center; belly 
white; back steel-blue, lightly streaked with white; shorter upper tail- 
coverts pale rufous; tail fuscous, the feathers of nearly equal length. Im . — 
Similar, but upperparts duller; throat black, sometimes mottled with white. 
L., 6*01; W., 4*34; T., 2*01; B. from N., *20. 
Remarks. — The Cliff Swallow may be known from our other Swallows 
by its rufous upper tail-coverts. 
Range. — N. A. Breeds from lower edge of the Arctic to Lower Austral 
Zone from cen. Alaska, n. cen. Mackenzie, s. Keewatin, n. Ont., cen. Que., 
Anticosti Island, and Cape Breton Is. s. over nearly all of the U. S. except 
Fla. and the Rio Grande Valley (casual as a breeder s. of lat. 38°, e. of long. 
97°); probably winters in Brazil and Argentina. 
Washington, rare S. R., Apl. 10-Sept.-? Ossining, common S. R., 
May 1-Sept. 12. Cambridge, S. R., much less common than formerly, Apl. 
28- Aug. 25. N. Ohio, tolerably common S. R., Apl. 6-Sept. 25. Glen 
Ellyn, not common, local, S. R., Apl. 25-Sept. 16. SE. Minn., common S. R., 
Apl. 13-Sept. 12. 
Nest, of mud, generally retort- or pocket-shaped, beneath cliffs or the 
eaves of a barn or other building. Eggs, 4-5, white, with numerous spots 
of cinnamon-, olive-, or rufous-brown, *81 x *55. Date, Shelter Is., N. Y., 
May 29; Cambridge, June 5; se. Minn., May 19. 
During the nesting season these Swallows are of very local distri- 
bution. They will return year after year to their rows of mud tene- 
ments beneath the eaves of some barn or outbuilding, and, although 
familiar birds to residents of the immediate vicinity, they may be 
entire strangers to those who have never had a colony of these birds 
settled near them. Like Barn Swallows, they are masons, and they may 
be seen on muddy shores rolling the little pellets of clay which enter 
into the construction of their nest. In the fall they are found in flocks 
with other Swallows, but at all times they may be readily identified 
by their pale rufous upper tail-coverts, which make a conspicuous 
field-mark. 
The Cuban Cliff Swallow (612.1. Petroehelidon fulva) has been once 
recorded from the Dry Tortugas, Florida (Scott, Auk, VII, 1890, 265). It 
resembles lunifrons but has the forehead and rump chestnut and no black on 
the throat. 
613. Hirundo erythrogaster (Bodd.). Barn Swallow. (Fig. 110.) 
Ad. c? — Forehead, throat, and upper breast chestnut-rufous; rest of the under- 
parts washed with the same color; upperparts steel-blue; tail deeply forked, 
all but the middle feathers with white spots on their inner webs. Ad. $ — Simi- 
lar, but underparts usually paler and outer tail-feathers shorter. Im. — Upper- 
parts mixed with dusky, forehead and throat paler; outer tail-feathers 
shorter. L., 6*95; W., 4*67; T., 3*30; B. from N., *24. 
Range. — N. A. Breeds from nw. Alaska, n. Mackenzie, s. Man., and s. 
Ungava s. to s. Calif., s. Tex. (w. of long. 97°), n. Ark., and N. C., and in 
