WOOD WARBLERS 
441 
Nest , of rootlets, leaves, and bark, on the ground. Eggs , 4-6, white, 
speckled, spotted, or blotched with cinnamon- or rufous-brown, *68 x ‘54. 
Date , Iredell Co., N. C., May 10; Waynesburg, Pa., May 16; New Haven, 
Conn., May 25. 
This comparatively rare, retiring Warbler may be found on dry 
wooded slopes, hillsides, and ravines, generally where there is a rather 
dense undergrowth, but occasionally where the ground is quite clear 
and open. It lives on or near the ground, and in its slow, deliberate 
actions resembles a Vireo more than the usually active Warblers. Its 
call-note is a sharp chip, while its song, as all observers agree, closely 
resembles that of the Chipping Sparrow, but is somewhat weaker. 
640 . Vermivora bachmani (Aud.). Bachman’s Warbler. Ad. <?. — 
Forehead yellow, bordered by a black patch on the crown ; back of the head 
bluish gray; back and rump bright olive-green; lesser wing-coverts yellow; 
tail grayish, all but the middle feathers with white patches on their inner 
web near the tip ; throat and belly yellow, a large black patch on the breast. 
Im. c?. — Throat-patch smaller than in ad. <?; less black or none on head. 
Ad. $. — Crown grayish; forehead yellowish; back, wings, and tail as in the 
cF; underparts whitish, washed with yellow on the throat and breast; bend 
of the wing yellow. Im. $. — Similar, but with less yellow; back grayer. 
L., 4‘25; W., 2‘40; T., 1‘80; B. from N., ‘32. 
Range. — S. E. U. S. Breeds in Austroriparian fauna in se. Mo., ne. Ark., 
w. Ky., and near Charleston, S. C., and probably in s. Ind. and N. C.; 
winters in Cuba; in migration occurs in La., Miss., Ala., and Fla.; casual in 
Va. and the Bahamas. 
Nest , chiefly of fine grasses, cane leaves, skeletonized leaves and occa- 
sionally Tillandsia (Wayne); in low bushes, 1-3 feet up. Eggs, 3-4, pure, 
glossy white, ‘63 x '49. Date, Charleston, S. C., Apl. 17; Dunklin Co., Mo., 
May 13; Logan Co., Ky., May 14. 
Bachman’s Warbler was described by Audubon from a pair of birds 
taken by Dr. Bachman at Charleston, South Carolina, in July, 1833. 
Several specimens were subsequently taken in the West Indies during 
the winter, but over fifty years passed before the species was again 
found in the United States. It proves now to be a common bird in 
. parts of its range, and has been found in large numbers near New 
Orleans, and on the Suwanee River in Florida in March and April, 
and at Key West in late July and August. The nest remained undis- 
covered until 1897, when it was found by Widmann in Missouri, and 
it has since been found by Embody in Kentucky and Wayne in South 
Carolina. 
Mr. Brewster and myself had excellent opportunities to study its 
habits on the Suwanee River, and in The Auk for 1891, pp. 149-157, 
will be found a detailed account of our observations written by Mr. 
Brewster. It was migrating with other Warblers, and kept to the tops 
of the highest trees, but in its breeding haunts it proves to be a low- 
ranging bird like most of the members of this genus. Its movements 
are rather leisurely, and resemble those of V. pinus or V. celata. Its 
song is described by Brewster as resembling that of the Parula Warbler. 
641 . Vermivora pinus (Linn.). Blue-winged Warbler. (Fig. 116.) 
Ad, cP. — Crown and entire underparts bright yellow, a black line through the 
