444 WOOD WARBLERS 
Date, Buncombe Co., N. C., May 16; Bethel, Conn., May 29; Monroe Co., 
Mich., May 17. 
In their actions and choice of haunts the Golden-winged resemble 
the Blue- winged Warblers. Their song is of much the same quality, 
but the notes are all of the same kind and length, and the bird utters 
a rather lazy zee-zee-zee-zee, at once distinguishable from the song of 
pinus. 
645. Vermivora rubricapilla rubricapilla (Wils.). Nashville War- 
bler. Ads. — Top and sides of the head bluish gray, a partially concealed 
chestnut patch in the center of the crown; back and rump bright olive-green; 
wings and tail edged with the same and without white; underparts bright 
yellow, whiter on the belly. 7m. — Upperparts dull olive-green, more or less 
washed with brownish; crown-patch often absent; rump brighter; wings and 
tail as in the ad.; sides of the head brownish ashy, eye-ring white; under- 
parts yellowish, brighter on the breast; sides brownish. L., 4*77 ; W., 2*33; 
T., 1*81; B. from N., ‘28. 
Range. — E. N. Am. Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones from 
s. Sask., n. Ont., cen. Que., and Cape Breton Is. s. to Nebr., n. Ills., n. Pa., 
n. N. J., and Conn.; winters from Vera Cruz to Guatemala; very rare on the 
Atlantic slope s. of Chesapeake Bay. 
Washington, uncommon T. V., Apl. 28-May 19; Sept. 5-Oct. 2. Ossin- 
ing, tolerably common T. V., May 7-27; Aug. 11-Oct. 4; may breed. Cam- 
bridge, rather common S. R., May 5-Sept. 15; abundant T. V. N. Ohio, 
common T. V., Apl. 28-May 27; Sept. 1-Oct. 16. Glen Ellyn, regular T. V., 
Apl. 27-May 25; Aug. 20-Oct. 19. SE. Minn., common S. R., May 1- 
Sept. 29. 
Nest, of grasses and moss, lined with finer grasses and fine, hairlike root- 
lets, on the ground, in partial clearings or tree-grown pastures. Eggs, 4-5, 
white, thickly speckled, chiefly at the larger end, with rufous or cinnamon- 
brown, *61 x ‘48. Date, Cambridge, May 25; Lancaster, N. H., May 25; 
Bangor, Maine, June 3; Detroit, Minn., May 30. 
This Warbler is an inhabitant of rather open woodland, young 
second growth, or tree-bordered fields. In addition to the usual chip, 
it has a sharp, characteristic call-note, while its song is about as likely 
to attract attention as that of the Chestnut-sided Warbler. Thayer 
(“Warblers of North America”) writes: “The Nashville has at least two 
perch-songs and a flight-song, all subject to a good deal of variation. 
... Its commoner perch-song consists of a string of six or eight or 
more, lively, rapid notes suddenly congested into a pleasant, rolling 
twitter. ... In the other perch-song, the notes of what correspond 
to the rolling twitter are separate and richer, and the second part of the 
song is longer and more noticeable than the first whose notes are few 
and slurred, while the whole is more languidly delivered. . . . The 
flight-song, a fairly common performance in late summer, is sung from 
the height of five to forty feet above the (usually low) tree tops. It is 
like the commoner perch-songs, but more hurried, and slightly elabor- 
ated, — often with a few chippings added at both ends.” 
1910. Stanwood, C. J., Jour. Me. Orn. Soc. XII, 28-33 (nesting). 
646. Vermivora celata celata (Say). Orange-crowned Warbler. 
Ads. — Upperparts rather ashy olive-green; feathers of the crown orange- 
rufous at the base; wings and tail edged with olive-green and without white; 
