WOOD WARBLERS 
457 
667. Dendroica virens ( Gmel .). Black-throated Green War- 
bler. Ad. cT. — Upperparts bright olive-green, back sometimes spotted with 
black; line over the eye and cheeks bright yellow, ear-coverts dusky; two 
white wing-bars; inner vanes of outer tail-feathers entirely white, outer web 
'white at the base; throat and breast black; belly white, sometimes tinged 
with yellow; sides streaked with black. Ad. 9 . —Similar, but the black of 
throat and breast more or less mixed with yellowish. Ad. cf in fall and im.tf. 
— Similar to the $, but with more yellow on the chest, the black sometimes 
being almost entirely hidden or wanting. Im. 9 . — Similar to ad 9 , but 
duller above, black on chest sometimes entirely absent. L., 5*10; W., 2*46; 
T., 1*99; B. from N., ’25. 
■Remarks. — The bright yellow cheeks of this species, in connection with 
the large amount of white in the tail, will serve to distinguish it in any 
plumage. 
Range. — N. A. Breeds in lower Canadian and Transition zones from 
w. cen. and ne. Alberta, s. Man., cen. Ont., ne. Que., and N. F., s. to s. 
Minn., s. Wise., n. Ohio, n. N. J., Conn., and L. I., N. Y., and in the Alle- 
ghanies s. to S. C. and Ga. ; in migration w. to e. Tex.; winters from Mex. 
to Panama. 
Washington, very common T. V., Apl. 22-May 30; Aug. 26-Oct. 21. 
Ossining, common T. V., Apl. 30- June 3; Sept. 1-Oct. 26; a few breed. 
Cambridge, abundant, S. R., May 1-Oct. 15. N. Ohio, common T. V., Apl. 
25-May 24; Sept. 1-Oct. 16; a few breed. Glen Ellyn, common T. V., Apl. 
29-June 6; Aug. 22-Oct. 12. SE. Minn., common T. V., uncommon S. R., 
Apl. 29-Sept. 22. 
Nest, of small twigs and moss, lined with rootlets, fine grasses, and ten- 
drils, in coniferous trees, 15-50 feet from the ground. Eggs, 4, white, dis- 
tinctly and obscurely spotted and speckled with olive-brown or umber, 
chiefly at the larger end, *65 x ‘46. Date , New Haven, Conn., May 21; 
Cambridge, June 5; Grand Menan, N. B., June 14. 
When migrating this species joins the ranks of the Warbler army 
and visits wooded land of almost any kind. When nesting it prefers 
coniferous forests, where it is a dweller among the tree-tops. 
While resembling its congeners in general habits, the song of the 
Black-throated Green is so unlike their generally humble ditties that 
the bird seems possessed of more character than they impress us with 
having. Mr. Burroughs graphically represents its notes by straight 
lines: V ; a novel method of musical annotation, but 
which nevertheless will aid one in recognizing the bird’s song. There 
is a quality about it like the droning of bees; it seems to voice the 
restfulness of a midsummer day. 
1910. Stanwood, C. J., Auk, XXVII, 289-294 (nesting). 
Townsend’s Warbler (668. Dendroica townsendi), a species of western 
North America, has been once recorded from Pennsylvania. 
670. Dendroica kirtlandi (Baird). ^Kirtland’s Warbler. Ad. d\ — 
Head bluish gray, sometimes spotted with black ; lores and sides of the throat 
black; back brownish ashy, spotted with black; no white wing-bars; outer 
tail-feathers with white patches on their inner webs at the tips; underparts 
pale yellow; sides streaked and spotted with black. Ad. 9 . — Similar, but 
lores and cheeks grayish, black streaks less pronounced. Fall specimens 
of both sexes are much browner. L., 5*75; W., 2*75; T., 2*30; B. from N., *32. 
Range. — E. N. Am. Breeds in Transition zone in Oscoda, Crawford, 
and Roscommon counties, Mich.; winters in the Bahamas as far s. at least 
as the Caicos Islands; in migration recorded from Minn., Wise., Ont., Ohio, 
Ills., Xnd., Mo., Va., S. C., Ga. f and Fla, 
