488 
KINGLETS AND GNATCATCHERS 
736b. P. c. impiger (Bangs). Florida Chickadee. — Similar to P. 
c. carolinensis, but smaller (except bill) and darker above. 
Range. — Southern half of Florida. 
740. Penthestes hudsonicus hudsonicus (. Forst .). Hudsonian 
Chickadee. Ads. — Crown dull, dark brownish gray; back brownish ashy; 
wings and tail grayish; throat black; ear-coverts, sides of the neck, breast, and 
belly white; sides rufous. 
Range. — N. N. Am. Breeds in Hudsonian and Canadian zones from 
Kowak Valley, Alaska, and tree limit in cen. Mackenzie and cen. 
Keewatin s. to s. B. C., cen. Alberta (casually Mont.), n. Man., cen. Ont., 
and Ungava; s. in winter casually to n. Ills. 
740a. P. h. littoralis (Bryant). Acadian Chickadee. — Similar to 
P. h. hudsonicus , but smaller and browner. 
Range. — NE. N. Am. Breeds in Boreal zones from n. Que., and N. F., 
s. to the Adirondacks of N. Y. and mts. of n. Vt. and cen. N. H.; migrating 
casually to Mass., R. I., and Conn. 
Cambridge, rare, perhaps only casual, W. V., Nov. 1-Apl. 1. 
Nest, of moss and felted fur, in holes in trees and stumps. Eggs, 6-7, 
not distinguishable from those of P. atricapillus, *61 x '50. Date, Stewiacke, 
N. S., May 25. 
The general habits of this northern Chickadee resemble those of 
atricapillus , but its notes are recognizably different. Wright (Auk, 
1890, p. 407) speaks of its “sweet, warbling song,” and Clark ( Journ . Me . 
Orn. Soc., 1906, p. 27) writes of “a sweet, little song of three or four notes,” 
but Brewster (“Birds of the Cambridge Region,” p. 379) says “besides 
low, chattering, conversational sounds — difficult of description but 
far from musical in character — which the birds occasionally make while 
feeding, I have heard them utter only a low chip much like that of the 
common Chickadee, but rather feebler, an abrupt, explosive tch-tchip y 
and a nasal drawling tchick, chee-day-day . In the call last mentioned the 
intervals between the doubled middle note and the single notes which 
precede and follow it are very pronounced, and the accented notes are 
very strongly emphasized — characteristics which serve at once to dis- 
tinguish these sounds from any that the Black-capped Chickadee ever 
produces.” 
1910. Allen, F. H., The Auk, XXVII, 86 (song). 
65. Family Sylviiml Old-World Warblers, Kinglets, and 
Gnatcatchers. (Fig. 75.) 
No generally accepted classification of the birds of this family has as 
yet been proposed, but for our present purposes they may be divided 
into three subfamilies: (1) The Sylviince , or Old-World Warblers, num- 
bering some five hundred species, confined exclusively to the Old-World, 
with the exception of one species found in Alaska; (2) the Regulince , 
or Kinglets, of which two of the seven known species are found in the 
New World; (3) the Polioptilince, or Gnatcatchers, an American group 
containing about fifteen species, three of which are found in the United 
States. 
