336 Glacial Period in the [July, 
of the species that is found in post-glacial deposits in the 
Northern States. 
Whilst the eastern coasts of Patagonia are fringed with 
plains of gravel, the western are indented with deep fiords 
like those of Norway, and, as Dana and Ramsay have 
shown, these fiords are evidence of great glaciation, and 
have probably been excavated by ice-aCtion. 
Leaving South America and passing to the continent of 
Africa, we find but little evidence of the Glacial period, as 
its southern extremity only reaches to about lat. 35° S. Mr. 
G. Wo Stow has, however, shown that the southern ranges 
of mountains undoubtedly bore glaciers. Thus the Katberg 
range is in many parts rounded and smoothed, as if by the 
passage of ice, and on its northern slopes there are great 
mounds and ridges of unstratified clay packed with angular 
boulders of every size, from small gravel and pieces of a few 
pounds weight to masses of several tons.* The slopes of 
the Stormbergare similarly glaciated, and there are immense 
accumulations of morainic matter in all the valleys. Both 
lateral and terminal moraines have been observed in these 
mountains. In British Kaffraria, near Greytown, the ice 
would appear to have reached nearly to the present sea-level. 
Mr. Stow comes to the conclusion that the rounding«off of 
the hills in the interior, the numerous dome-shaped rocks, 
the enormous erratic boulders in positions where water could 
not have carried them, the frequency of unstratified clays, 
clays with imbedded angular boulders, drift and lofty mounds 
of boulders, and the large traCts of country thickly spread 
over with unstratified clays and superimposed fragments of 
rock, “—all indicate the conditions that in other countries 
characterise the Glacial period. t 
The Rev. W. B. Clarke has informed Mr. Darwin of fadts 
from which it appears that there are traces of former glacial 
adtion on the mountains of the south-eastern corner of 
Australia, but I do not know the particulars. J I have not 
seen any notice of glacial phenomena in Tasmania, but it is 
extremely probable that they will be found. In New Zealand 
the evidences of former glaciation are clear and unmis- 
takable, and they have been described by many able ob- 
servers. The large glaciers that still exist in the mountains 
of the South Island bear about the same relation to the 
* Quart, journ. Geol. Soc», voh xxvii., p. 539. 
+ Ibid., p. 544. 
£ Darwin, Origin of Species, Sixth Edition, p. 335. 
