1878.] 
Scientific Notes. 
43i 
a similarity, at least, in their construction to the works of the Pueblos in New 
Mexico and Arizona. Scattered about over the buildings are miniature re- 
presentations of the people at their various occupations, with pottery and 
other domestic utensils. The “ triple-walled tower,” at the head of the 
McElmo, is the subject of the fourth model. It was constructed by Mr. 
Holmes, and represents, as indicated by its title, a triple-walled tower, situ- 
ated in the midst of a considerable extent of lesser ruins, probably of dwell- 
ings, occupying a low bench bordering the dry wash of the McElmo. The 
tower is 42 feet in diameter, the wall 2 feet thick, and now standing some 
12 feet high. The two outer walls inclose a space of about 6 feet in width, 
which is divided into 14 equally-sized rooms, communicating with one another 
by small window-like doorways. The next is a “ cliff-house ” in the valley of 
the Rio de Chelly. It is about 20 miles above the cave town already spoken 
of. This is a two-storey house, about 20 feet square, occupying a ledge some 
75 feet above the valley, and overhung by the bluff. The approach from the 
valley is by a series of steps hewn in the steep face of the rock; and this 
method was the one most used by the occupants, although there is a way out 
to the top cf the bluff. This model is 42 inches in height by 24 broad, and is 
built upon a scale of i’36. Tewa, one of the seven Moqui towns in North- 
eastern Arizona, is a very interesting and instructive model, representing, as 
it does, one of the most ancient and best authenticated of the dwellings of a 
people who are supposed to be the descendants of the cliff-dwellers. Tewa is 
the first of the seven villages forming the province as we approach them from 
the east, and occupies the summit of a narrow mesa some 600 feet in height 
and 1200 yards in length, upon which are also two other somewhat similar 
villages. The approach is by a circuitous road-way hewn in the perpendicular 
face of the bluff which surrounds the mesa upon all sides. It is the only 
approach accessible for animals to the three villages. Other ladder-like stair- 
ways are cut in the rock, which are used principally by the water-carriers, for 
all their springs and reservoirs are at the bottom of the mesa. This village is 
represented upon a scale of 1 inch to 8 feet, or rg6. The dimensions of the 
model are 36 inches in length, 29 inches in width, and 14 inches in height. 
In the spring of 1877 Mr. Jackson made a tour over much of the northern part 
of New Mexico, and westward to the Moqui towns in Arizona, and secured 
materials for a number of very interesting models, illustrating the methods of 
the Pueblos or town-builders in the construction ol their dwellings. Two 
villages have been selected for immediate construction, as showing the most 
ancient and best known examples of their peculiar architecture, viz : Taos 
and Acoma; the one of many-storied, terraced houses, and the other built 
high up on an impregnable rock. The model of Taos is now completed, the 
dimensions of which are 42 by 39 inches, and the scale one inch to twenty 
feet, 1 : 240. Of this town Mr. Davis says: It is the best sample of the 
ancient mode of building. Here are two large houses three or four hundred 
feet in length, and about one hundred and fifty feet wide at the base. They 
are situated upon opposite sides of a small creek, and in ancient times are 
said to have been connected with a bridge. They are five and six storeys 
high, each story receding from the one below it, and thus forming a structure 
terraced from the top to bottom. Each storey is divided into numerous little 
compartments, the outer tier of rooms being lighted by small windows in the 
sides, while those in the interior of the building are dark, and are principally 
used as store-rooms. * * * The only means of entrance is through a trap- 
door in the roof, and you ascend from storey to storey by means of ladders on 
the outside, which are drawn up at night. Their contact with Europeans has 
modified somewhat their ancient style of buildings, principally in substituting 
doorways in the walls of their houses for those in the roof. Their modern 
buildings are rarely over two storeys in height, and are not distinguishable 
from those of their Mexican neighbours. The village is surrounded by an 
abode wall, which is first included within the limits of the model, and in- 
closes an area of eleven or twelve acres in the extent. Within this limit 
are four of their estufas or secret council-houses. These are circular under- 
ground apartments, with a narrow opening in the roof, surrounded by a 
