473 
1878.] Considered from a Biological Point of View. 
swallowed less tea, we admit. But in that case we contend 
that their increased vigour would descend not to their 
daughters exclusively or specially, but to all their children. 
Further, in some countries and among certain classes, a 
great amount of physical labour falls to the lot of the women, 
without their being thereby rendered equal in strength to 
the men. Among the North-American aborigines the squaw 
has the monopoly of hard work, whilst her husband — save 
when on the chase or on the war-path — indulges in idleness. 
Yet he runs no risk on that account of being surpassed in 
strength by his wife, and ultimately finding himself in con- 
sequence “ subjugated.” 
No less is the superior cerebral development of the male 
sex in the human species, to which we have already referred 
as an indisputable fadt, devoid of functional importance. It 
has, indeed, been contended that the difference in weight 
between the brain of the two sexes is a mere “ survival ” 
from some lower state of civilisation, or of existence which 
we may expedt to see ultimately disappear. Such hopes, if 
they anywhere exist, must be abandoned in view of the 
results of M. le Bon, already quoted. This biologist finds 
that “ the difference between the respective weight of the 
brain in man and woman constantly goes on increasing as 
we rise in the scale of civilisation, so that as regards the 
mass of the brain, and consequently in intelligence, woman 
becomes more and more differentiated from man. The 
difference which exists between the mean of the crania of 
contemporary Parisian men and that of contemporary 
Parisian women is almost double of the difference which 
existed in Ancient Egypt.” 
Taking hold of this simple fadt, that the brain in the male 
is not merely larger, but increasingly larger, than in the 
female, we need not long search for its meaning. As the 
same writer to whom we have referred declares, “ On ex- 
amining series of crania sufficiently numerous we find that in 
the human species the largest brains belong to the races 
highest endowed intellectually, and in each race to its most 
intelligent members. Just, therefore, as higher civilisation 
is heralded, or at least evidenced, by increasing bulk of 
brain ; just as the most intelligent and the dominant races 
surpass their rivals in cranial capacity; and just as in those 
races the leaders, whether in the sphere of thought or of 
adtion, are eminently large-brained, — so we must naturally 
expedt that man, surpassing woman in volume of brain, 
must surpass her in at least a proportionate degree in intel- 
lectual power. We are sorry to be compelled here to own 
