JACKDAWS. 
247 
exchanging her eggs for those of a Rook, the 
•desirable point may be accomplished ; the young 
Rooks having no other associations than those of 
the tree in which, they were bred, and being sure 
of a harsh reception, if not of being picked to death, 
if venturing to join any neighbouring rookery in 
which they have no family connexions. 
The habits of a Jackdaw are known to everybody: 
wherever found, he is the same active, bustling, 
cheerful, noisy fellow. Whether in the depth of a 
shady wood, “ remote from cities and from towns/’ 
or whether established in the nooks and niches of 
some Gothic cathedral-tower, in the very midst of 
the world, it matters not to him. He seems to 
know neither care nor sorrow, — ever satisfied — 
always happy! Who ever saw or heard of a moping, 
melancholy Jackdaw? 
We have in England another bird much resem- 
bling him in manners and colour, though from cer- 
tain distinguishing features, such as a bent orange- 
coloured beak and legs, &e., it has been placed in 
another division of birds. It is the red-legged Crow 
or Chough, never seen in most parts of our island, 
though in its favourite Jiaunts, in front of high preci- 
pices and steep rocks by the sea, often very abundant. 
Like Jackdaws, the Choughs are easily tamed, and are 
as entertaining, and at the same time as troublesome 
when tamed. On a lawn, where five were kept, one 
particular part of it was found to turn brown, and 
exhibit all the appearance of a field suffering under 
severe drought, covered as it was with dead and 
withering tufts of grass, which it was soon ascer- 
tained the Choughs were incessantly employed in 
