PINE GROSBEAK OR BULLFINCH. 
535 
reddish cast. The back dusky-brownish 5 rump crimson, less vivid 
than the head. Inferior portion of the breast, belly, and vent whit- 
ish, each feather having a broad, fuscous line. Wings blackish- 
brown. 
PINE GROSBEAK or BULLFINCH. 
( Pyrrhula enucleator , Temm. Loxia enucleator , Wilson, i. p. 80. pi. 
5 . fig. 2. [young male of the first year.] Phil. Museum, No. 
664.) 
Sp. Charact. — The wings with 2 white bands, and the tail 
black ; secondaries edged with white ; length about 9 inches. — 
Adult male tinged with reddish-orange, beneath inclined more to 
yellow, above varied with blackish-brown. — In the young male 
the same parts and the rump are carmine of different shades, ex- 
cept the flanks, abdomen, and vent, which are cinereous. — Fe- 
male , with the top of the head and rump brownish-orange ; below 
cinereous, with a faint tinge of orange. 
This splendid and very hardy bird appears to dwell 
almost wholly within the cold and arctic regions of both 
continents, from whence only, in severe winters, a few 
migrate into Canada and the United States, where they 
are consequently of rare and uncertain occurrence. 
They are common in the pine forests of Siberia, Lapland, 
and the northern parts of Russia ; and are also observed 
in the Scottish Highlands, and on the Northwest coast of 
America. They have been seen in winter in the lower 
part of Missouri, and at the same season, occasionally, in 
the maritime parts of Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. 
The American birds of this species are observed to re- 
turn to Hudson’s Bay as early as April. According to 
Mr. Pennant, they frequent the woods of pine and juni- 
per, and are now possessed of musical talents ; but as the 
period of incubation approaches, they grow silent. Their 
nests are made in trees (probably their favorite ever- 
greens), at a small height from the ground, with twigs 
externally, and lined with feathers. The eggs, 4 or 5, 
