538 
GRANIYOROUS BIRDS. 
latter a large brown spot occupying its centre. - The young of the year 
are of a greyish-brown above, with darker spots upon the head and 
back. Below whitish-grey with longitudinal brown spots • rump of 
a yellowish grey. — The female differs little from the young last 
mentioned ; the upper parts are greenish grey, with large spots of 
cinereous-brown ; the throat and neck greyish, shaded with brown ; 
the rest of the lower parts cinereous, slightly shaded with greenish- 
yellow ; rump yellowish ; belly and rump whitish, upon the latter 
a large brown spot. 
COMMON CROSSBILL. 
( Loxia curmrostra , Lin. Curvirostra americana , Wilson, iv. p. 44. 
pi. 31. fig. 1. [young male !] fig. 2. [adult male ?] Phil. Museum, 
No. 5640.) 
Sp. Charact. — Wings without bands ; the bill as long as the mid- 
dle toe ; the point of the lower mandible crossing the top of the 
bill. — Adult male , greenish-yellow inclining strongly to cinere- 
ous. — Female and young before the first moult , shaded with green- 
ish and yellowish tints ; rump yellowish ; beneath whitish, streak- 
ed with dusky. — Young male , after the first moult , brick-red. 
This more common species, like the preceding, inhab- 
its the high northern and arctic regions of both conti- 
nents, where it breeds, and is met with from Greenland 
to Pennsylvania, or farther south, according to the sea- 
son, and their success in obtaining food, when driven to 
make their southern descent or migration. From Sep- 
tember to April, they are found inhabiting the extensive 
pine forests in the mountainous and interior districts of 
Pennsylvania and other states to the North ; they also 
extend their winter migrations into the lower parts of the 
state of Missouri. They have occasionally been seen in 
the maritime parts of Massachusetts, but are less com- 
mon here than the following species, generally taking, 
in their irregular incursions, a more interior and moun- 
tainous route. In the eastern chain of the Alleghanies, 
in Pennsylvania, according to Wilson, they appear to be 
