1876.] Conscience in Animals. 155 
work succeeded in capturing the runaway. I then brought 
him into the house and chained him up in the hall ; after 
which I fed and caressed him with the view of restoring 
his peace of mind. During all this time the terrier had 
remained in my bed-room, and, although he heard the 
feeding and caressing process going on downstairs, this was 
the only time I ever knew him fail to attack the large dog 
when it was taken into the house. Upon my re-entering 
the bed-room, and before I said anything, the terrier met me 
with certain indescribable grinnings and prancings, which 
he always used to perform when conscious of having been a 
particularly good dog. Now I consider the whole of this 
episode a very remarkable instance in an animal of aCtion 
prompted by a sense of duty. No other motive than the 
voice of conscience can here be assigned for what the terrier 
did : even his strong jealousy of the large dog gave way 
before the yet stronger dread he had of the remorse he knew 
he should have to suffer, if next day he saw me distressed at 
a loss which it had been in his power to prevent. What 
makes the case more striking is, that this was the only 
occasion during the many years he slept in my bed-room 
that the terrier disturbed me in the night-time. Indeed the 
scrupulous care with which he avoided making the least 
noise while I was asleep, or pretending to be asleep, was 
quite touching, — even the sight of a cat outside, which at 
any other time rendered him frantic, only causing him to 
tremble violently with suppressed emotion when he had 
reason to suppose that I was not awake. If I overslept 
myself, however, he used to jump upon the bed and push my 
shoulder gently with his paw. 
The following instance is likewise very instructive. I 
must premise that the terrier in question far surpassed any 
animal or human being I ever knew in the keen sensitiveness 
of his feelings, and that he was never beaten in his life.* 
Well, one day he was shut up in a room by himself, while 
everybody in the house where he was went out. Seeing his 
friends from the window as they departed, the terrier appears 
* A reproachful word or look from me, when it seemed to him that occasion 
required it, was enough to make this dog miserable for a whole day. I do not 
know what would have happened had I ventured to strike him ; but once when 
I was away from home a friend used to take him out every day for a walk in 
the park. He always enjoyed his walks very much, and was now wholly 
dependent upon this gentleman for obtaining them. (He was once stolen in 
London through the complicity of my servants, and never after that would he 
go out by himself, or with anyone whom he knew to be a servant.) Never- 
theless, one day while he was amusing himself with another dog in the park, 
my friend, in order to persuade him to follow, struck him with a glove. The 
terrier looked up at his face with an astonished and indignant gaze, deliberately 
