468 Encouragement of Scientific Research. [October, 
of the German Chemical Society, or Liebig’s “ Annalen,” 
We see there reports of investigations conducted in the 
Laboratories of the different Universities — Heidelberg, Bonn, 
Berlin, Gottingen, Jena, even Greifswalde — which in our 
college-days was ridiculed as a mere colony of louts dis- 
missed from other seats of learning as intellectually or 
morally incapable. But when do we find in the “ Journal 
of the Chemical Society ” or in the “ Chemical News ” a 
series of valuable notes under the heading “ Researches 
from the Laboratory of the University of Oxford,” or of 
Cambridge, or of Durham, or of Dublin ? And if not, why 
not ? But leaving Germany out of the question, even the 
Russian Universities are now contributing their regular 
quota of research towards the world’s sum of knowledge. 
The following evidence, given by Dr. Frankland before 
the Royal Commission on Scientific Instruction, is painfully 
significant* : — “ A year or two ago I took the trouble to look 
out, in regard to chemistry, the number of original investi- 
gations made in each country during one year. In the year 
1866, which was the year I enquired, 1273 papers were pub- 
lished by 805 chemists. Of these Germany contributed 
445 authors and 777 papers ; France, 170 authors and 
245 papers ; the United Kingdom, 97 authors and 127 papers. 
I may mention, however, speaking exclusively of chemistry, 
— for I have not gone into other sciences, — that, as far as 
research in Great Britain depends upon our scientific 
training, our case is much worse than appears from this 
comparison, because a large proportion of those papers con- 
tributed by the United Kingdom were the work of Germans 
residing in this country.” 
It is further remarked, in the work before us, that “ from 
a schedule of original researches executed in the laboratory 
of the Royal College of Chemistry since 1845, and handed 
in by Dr. Frankland to the Commission, it appears that out 
of 140 specified researches no less than 70 were made by 
foreigners ! That is to say, Germany not only produces 
four and a half times as many investigators in chemistry 
and six times as many researches in a year as we do, but 
actually produces half the number of researches which in 
this calculation are credited to this country. I may illus- 
trate the truth of these comparisons by an analysis of the 
original works published in the West of Europe during a 
period taken at random, the first fortnight of September, 
1873. 
* Report of Evidence, p. 371. 
