1876.] Encouragement of Scientific Research . 487 
Theology, but the majority are to continue in the liberal 
Arts and Philosophy.” In the statutes of New College, 
founded by William of Wykeham, under charter from 
Richard II., the following passage occurs 
“ We desire, moreover, that our scholars (the original 
name of the Fellows) occupied in diverse sciences and facul- 
ties may, by their intercourse with each other, learn some- 
thing new every day, and by continual advance become 
better and better, that the spirit of the whole multitude 
tending to the same end may be one, and that through the 
Divine mercy our colleges endowed with and supported by 
men of so many sciences may the more firmly and securely 
abide and continue for ever in the beauty of peace.” 
In All Souls College there were to be forty Scholars or 
Fellows, who were to study without intermission. Of these 
twenty-four were to study the Arts and Philosophy, or 
Theology. 
In New College it is expressly stipulated that two of the 
Fellows might devote themselves to Astronomy, and two to 
Medicine. 
In Magdalen College, of the seventy u poor and indigent 
Scholars ” forty, called “ Fellows,” were to study Theology 
and Moral and Natural Philosophy. 
Many more such extracts from the statutes of the colleges 
might be given, all tending to prove that, in the words of 
the Report,* “The duty of the Fellows, as such, was, as we 
shall show more at length hereafter, not to teach, but to learn ; 
hence the earliest name of this class ..... scholares. 
(P. 134.) 
“ The most important objeCt of colleges was, as Blackstone 
states, ‘ ad studendum .’ To receive and not to give instruc- 
tion was the business of the Fellows of colleges. The 
founder of Queen’s has expressly declared that he intends 
by his benefaction to relieve his fellows from the necessity 
of teaching. In all colleges, even in those which aimed at 
supplying instruction to the university, the great majority 
of the Fellows were intended to devote their life to study, 
and not to engage in teaching, either in the college or in the 
university. ”f 
Summing up the evidence thus collected from the statutes 
themselves and from the Commissioners’ Report, the essayist 
declares that the “ fellowship system originated in a desire to 
promote study and not to promote teaching .” Their purpose was 
* First University Commission of 1852* 
t Report, p. 140. 
