56 
DE. W. KOWALEVSKY ON THE 
Dimensions. 
Hyopotamus. 
Diplopus Aymardi. 
Puy. 
Hempstead. 
Hordwell. 
Length, tibial side 
40 , 47 
44, 43, 40 
52 
Length, fibular side 
441, 52 
50, 50, 45 
551 
Anterior breadth in the middle 
21 , 29 
25, 24, 23 
281 
Transverse breadth, proximal pulley .... 
231, 27 
26, 26, 231 
261 
Transverse breadth, distal pulley 
241, 30 
28, 28 
29 
The cuboid (Plate XXXVIII. figs. 1, 3, 10, 11). — I have examined numerous and well- 
preserved specimens of this bone from Puy, Hempstead, and Hordwell ; the cuboids 
from Puy and Hempstead (figs. 1,10) clearly indicate the four-toed form called Ilyopo- 
tamus, while the bones from Hordwell (figs. 3, 11) belonging to the genus called by me 
Diplopus, indicate, in the most unmistakable manner, that in this last animal the foot 
was clidactyle, as the inferior surface of the cuboid shows no trace of a facet for a fifth 
digit as in Hyopotamus. 
As the cuboid is one of the most important bones of the tarsus, I will give a detailed 
description of it, with as many figures as I can afford ; but should the reader take a 
cuboid of a hog in natura , then many points that are difficult to explain by words will 
at once be plain to him. 
I will begin, as I have nearly always done, with the description of the cuboid of 
Hyopotamus (Plate XXXVIII. figs. 1, 10), and afterwards compare it with that of the 
Diplopus (figs. 3, 11). As in all Paridigitata, which have the navicular and cuboid 
distinct, the front face of the cuboid of Hyopotamus is cut out en equerre (Cuv.) ; this is 
brought about by the circumstance that the cuboid articulates with two bones of the 
first row of the tarsus, the calcaneum and astragalus ; and the facets for these two 
bones lie in different levels, the rounded crescentic facet for the outer half of the distal 
pulley of the astragalus rising in front, while the facet for the processus anterior calcanei 
presents a flat surface sloping forwards, as is plainly to be seen in the figures (fig. 1 cl 
and as). Tice upper or proximal surface of the cuboid is occupied entirely by these two 
facets, one internal, shaped like a concave crescent for the astragalus, the other external, 
like a convex sloping surface for the calcaneum. The proximal surface of a hog’s cuboid 
shows the same facets ; only the external one is often cut transversely in two by a rough 
deep notch for the passage of vessels and ligaments : this division of the astragalean 
facet of the cuboid is nearly constant in the Hog and Dicotyles , though I did not find 
it in Phacochoerus and Babirussa. The relations between the transverse breadth of the 
two proximal facets vary in different genera. In Anoplotherium , the calcaneal facet is 
much broader than the astragalean (Plate XXXVII. fig. 11) ; but in Hippopotamus and 
Hyopotamus the relation is reversed, while in most Suidse both facets are very nearly of 
equal breadth. 
The internal wall of the cuboid shows on its upper margin a small facet for the 
neighbouring navicular, and a little lower a very small rising which corresponds to the 
